AC/DC Band

AC/DC is the most popular rock Band ever. They were formed by 2 brothers in Sydney Australia. There de b arly was on tonic Years Eve in a club. They were shake by Friday On My Mind. They were 72 on the rolling stone list in 2004 and they graded 7th place for the best heavy rock band ever.They have sold 200 one million million copies world wide. In the late 70s they relocated to England. Their first album was powerage it was released on May 5th 1978. It was the offset printing time they had released an album in the U.S The only made 2 albums for Australia. . High Voltage and TNT were the 2 albums that were for Australia and they are in the band setlist.The Young brothers had predisposed themself to rock but they suave had a locoweed of respect for the Blues and classic rock. In 1979 Highway to hell was made. The album showed that AC/DC forget not abandon their reckless provocative ways. When Bon Scott died they replaced him with a vocalist named Brian Johnsons.His voice was similar Scotts voice but it was more cleaner. In the 1980s and 90s they released galore(postnominal) records. That was the golden Age for them. They grew larger and larger they rose to virtuoso status on huge festivals like Rock in Rio and Englands Monsters of rock. In 1974 and 1978 in Australia they became the most popular band their.The band made regular appearances on live tv they had a lot of sprout albums In Australia. They had survived the punk rock upheavals. They survived that because the British press music press. In the 1980s Bon Scott died from a dark of heavy drinking. The band members were deciding to quit but Scotts parents encouraged them not to quit.In 1991 one plan went wild. 3 fans were crushed to death in Salt lake Utah. A year later they paid the collar families an undisclosed amount of money. It was an out court statement. After that incident they laid low for a duo of years. They came top in the spotlight in 1995. They went on tour in April 10th 2015 but they are only doing 10 shows.Brian johnson had to leave early because of hearing problems. In 2002 the Band was ranked 50 bands you should throw before you die. The recording industry association increased their sales in the U.S.. AC/DC is the fifth best selling Bands ever in the U.S in music history. In New York they went to the Waldorf Hotel in New York.They were there because their reveal to the Rock And Roll Hall Of Fame. In 2004 they made it to 72 on the roll Stone list In 2017 Malcolm Young died he was the age at 64 he had a disease called dementia. Bon scott died in the 1980s after a night of drinking. All the other members are still alive today.Brian Johnson is still in the band. He is doing the tour in America. Brian dropped out of the tour for hearing probelms. In conclusion this is why AC/Dc is the greatest Bands of all time. They had sold 200 million albums worldwide. They released whitethorn albums in 1980 and 1990. They made it in the Rock and Roll Hall Of Fame in 2003.They also have many fans around the world. They had gone through good times and bad times where they wanted to quit. They also came back to America in a couple decades they were going to do a tour.Bibliographyhttps//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC/DC,rockhall.com/inductees,http//acdcweb.yaia.com/biography.html

Economic Impacts Essay

The Attack on the World Trade meaning in Manhattan had happened on September 11, 2001. The assail had led to the destruction of numerous buildings and lost of lives. This had greatly abnormal not only the citizens of the United States. The incident had similarly modify the saving of the state of matter.According to the report of Mr. George Kahn (2001) , the vice-president and sparing expert of Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas, US economic gain had already slowed dramatic completelyy. Based on the experiences in the year 1996 to 1999, a growth in the GDP has been experienced. It is only logical to think that GDP pull up stakes continue to rise in the next few years. However, Real GDP has slowed to a 2.8% rate of growth last year. Unemployment had moved down from 3.9% in th year 2000 to 4.9% in August.The slowdown in the frugality had led to unexpected increase in energy equipment casualtys and re-evaluation of the prospects for corporate earnings. Prices in the stock market grant been touch on, and consumer spending began to slow down. In early September, prices on energy began to stabilize and consumer spending had hold-up. Although manufacturing activity proceed to decline but in a slower rate as compared to what happened in the early start of the year. However, this has all changed later on the attack in September 11. 2001. creep (2002) has used categories to differentiate the different economic strikes of the attack in the United States. His categories were based on 2 types. First is the nature of the daze and chip is the length of time the frugality has affected the country. In this paper, the author would use the length of time the impact has on the economy. These effects would be divided into three parts The short impact, the medium-term impact and the long-term impact.short-term impacts of the economy can be further categorized into two. These are the immediate short-term direct impact and the immediate short-term indirect impact. Lo oney (2002) had enumerated some(prenominal) short-term impacts aft(prenominal) the September 11, 2001 attack.For the immediate short-term direct impact, it was verbalise that Lower Manhattan of New York had lost an approximate of 30% of its office space because of the attack. Reports stated that an estimate of 200,000 were destroyed or relocated out of New York City. Estimated cost of destruction of physical assets in businesses amounts to $ 14Billion for private business, $ 1.7Billion for the local and state assets and $ 0.8Billion for federal enterprises. Rescue, cleanup operations and otherwise cost related to these two is approximately $11 Billion. Total direct costs as computed by Looney (2002) in the article, is estimated to be at around $27.2 Billion. However, Mr. Alan Hevesi, had considered other factors that was not included in the article of Robert Looney. Hevesi (2001) considered the lost of human large(p) which is estimated to be at $11 billion. These are the lives of the workers who had been killed during the attack. This figure is based on the expected earnings during the mortals remaining work life.Indirect short term impacts of the attack are the following Consensus calculate for the GDP growth of the US economy is lowered by 0.5 portion points in the year 2001 and 1.2 percentage points in the year 2002. Implied projected cumulative lost from the attack up to the year 2003 is estimated to be half a trillion dollars. Private sector investments went down the same with their inventory levels. The attack had shown the government that an additive investment is needed for the security of the country.It is estimated that an increase of 9.25% in defense spending was used by the government. Firms much(prenominal) as security and information technology had increase in demand. Federal Reserve had lowered the price of credit and and temporarily liquidated their assets to safeguard the integrity of the financial system and save businesses from ba nkruptcy. Aside from the impacts stated supra by Looney (2002), Hevesi included factors such as disabilities and trauma to be at $3Billion, business interruption, development and liability losses to be at $21 Billion, Net Lost Rents of $ 1.05 Billion from both the modify and destroyed buildings and Lost wages which amounts to $9.6 BillionIn the medium term, Looney had defined several sectors that had been affected by the attacks. Five areas were highlighted on his report and these are the amends, Airlines, Tourism and other service industries, Shipping, and Defense.Losses of the Insurance effort are estimated to be at $30 to $58 Billion. These losses are the highest record in the history of the country. Primary insurers have increase their premiums and dropped their coverages for terrorism related pretend, this in turn had affected other key industries. Strongest impacts of the insurance policy were seen in the aviation, tourism, transport, construction and energy generation sectors. Commercial property and liability insurance rates have been raised by 30% on the average.The terrorist had used airplanes in order to knowledgeableness the attack on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon. This had lead in putting the aviation industry in a weak position. An estimate of 20% decrease on the service orders had been ecperienced by airlines. regime support and airline passenger traffic was below normal and an estimate of 100,000 layoffs has been announced. Employment opportunities which were normally up in October and November fell by 80,000 or an estimate of 8% from the expected.Another sector that has been greatly affected is the tourism and service sector. These include hotels, tours, automobile rentals, travel agencies, and civilian aircraft manufacturers. As stated by Looney (2002), hotels have reported high(prenominal) vacancy rates and employment in the sector as a whole fell by 58,000 in October and November. Relative Equity Values declined by 15%. explorative report of fiscal Policy Institute in New York (2001) included attendance of people in the Broadway theatres had also decreased..The Shipping sector was in a way affected by the attack, Maritime merchant vessels rates had increased from 5 to 10 percent on average in the two weeks after the attack. Relative stability of freight rates ,despite the decrease in fuel costs and under-utilized capacity of the ships implied that transportation cost had increased because of the attacksDefense sector had experienced a significant increase on security-related programs in the budget for the year 2003. An additional budget of $48Billion was proposed for national defense. Homeland security budget was also increased from $20 Billion in 2001 to $38 Billion in 2002. An enhancement on the training of low responders which are the fireman, police and rescue workers were done, total preparation amounted to $8 Billion for domestic defense spending.The Fiscal Policy Institute or FPI (2001) i ncluded in their report losses on announce because after the attacks commercial runs on television networks were cut down. FPI (2001) had estimated that there would be a 1,000 reduction in advertising employment and a 3% drop of revenues would be experienced by the advertising sector.Looney (2002), enumerated vanadium effects in the economy. These effects are higher operating costs, higher level of inventories, higher risk premium, Shift of resources t the military defense, and the shift away from globalization.As stated above, several increase in spending for defense had been experienced by the country, and higher insurance premiums were also done in the industry. The attacks and also led to longer wait for time activities because several sectors and consumers are already cautious. These three reasons had led economic expert to say that higher operating costs whitethornbe experienced by the industries in the country.Since businesses had been interrupted because of the attacks, se veral companies were not able to resume at a time. Businesses may be required to hold larger inventories at dental plate for fear that their suppliers may not be able to give the materials that they needed on time. An evidence on these was shown in the article of Looney wherein the auto industry production was interrupted because availability of components were not immediately shipped out because of the delays in the crossing of the US-Canada Borders.The attack may have lead investors to avoid risking their money in businesses. As a result, higher risk premiums may be passed on to businesses in the form of higher interest rates, and lower equity prices. This could also lead to lower equity prices, business investment minacious and smaller capital stocks.The attack had been a terrorism activity. In response to this issue, the government would most credibly divert their attention in strengthening the countrys defense through the military. Many resources may be diverted to military use. Research and Development Resources can be also shifted to concentrate on the development of new devices to thwart terrorism activities.Since there had been interruption in the cross-borders of the country, investors may think double in investing abroad and concentrate on domestic investments. During this time, the anthrax scare is already being shown in the media. Several investors and the government may have taken this into consideration as such higher cost could be experienced because the businesses and the government would closely inspect items going in and out of the country.In the Chicago GSB magazine, the authors have included economic retrieval for the country. According to Kevin Murphy, part of the debate team, expected reco very of the economy may occur within 15 months after the attack. Measured loss in the economy is estimated to be at 0.6% of the total asset of the country. Judging from the percentage of economic loss, the percentage shows a very minimal figure. G ary S. Becker, another part of the team had also stated that the country had retained basically all the human capital prior to the attack and because of this, the US economy would recover fully.It has been 6 years since the attack of the terrorist in the United States. Prior to the attack the economy of the country is already in the decline dot and this had been accelerated by the attack in the World Trade Center. Although the attack had greatly affected the economy, it is required to think on the before situation of the country because that situation had also affected the impact of the attack. The economy of the United States had already recovered since then, however, same security measures are still being by the country to address the issue of terrorism.

Retrenchment Strategies Type Essay

A retrenchment grand strategy is followed when an organization aims at a densification of its activities through substantial reduction or the elimination of the scope of one or much of its businesses in borders of their respective customer groups, customer functions, or alternative technologies either singly or together with in order to improve its overall performance. E.g A corporate hospital decides to focus only on special treatment and realize higher revenues by reducing its commitment to general case which is slight profitable.The growth of industries and markets are threatened by various external and internal developments (External developments government policies, demand saturation, growing of substitute products, or changing customer needs. Internal Developments poor management, wrong strategies, poor quality of usable management and so on.) In these situations the industries and markets and consequently the companies face the danger of decline and will go for adop ting retrenchment strategies. E.g fountain pens, manual type writers, tele printers, s aggroup engines, jute and jute products, slide rules, calculators and wooden toys are some products that wee either disappeared or face decline.There are three types of retrenchment strategies forgearound Strategies, Divestment Strategies and Liquidation strategies.1. Turnaround StrategiesTurn around strategies derives their name from the action involved that is reversing a negative trend. There are certain conditions or indicators which point out that a turnaround is needed for an organization to survive. They arePersistent Negative change flowsNegative ProfitsDeclining market shareDeterioration in Physical facilitiesOver manning, high disorder of employees, and low moraleUncompetitive products or servicesMis managementAn organization which faces one or more of these issues is referred to as a sick company.There are three ways in which turnarounds can be managedThe existing chief executive a nd management team handles the entire turnaround strategy with the advisory assist of a external consultant. In another case the existing team withdraws temporarily and an executive consultant or turnaround specialist is employed to do the job. The last method involves the replacement of the existing team specially the chief executive, or merging the sick organization with a healthy one.Before a turn around can be formulated for an Indian company, it has to be first declared as a sick company. The declaration is done on the basis of the Sick Industrial Companies encounter (SICA), 1985, which provides for a quasi judicial body called the Board of Industrial and Financial Reconstruction (BIFR) which acts as the corporate unsex whenever companies fall sick.2. Divestment StrategiesA divestment strategy involves the sale or liquidation of a portion of business, or a major division. Profit centre or SBU. Divestment is usually a part of rehabilitation or restructuring externalize and is adopted when a turnaround has been attempted but has proved to be unsuccessful. Harvesting strategies a unhomogeneous of the divestment strategies, involve a process of gradually letting a company business wither off in a carefully controlled mannerReasons for DivestmentThe business that has been acquired proves to be a mismatch and cannot be compound within the company. Similarly a project that proves to be in viable in the long term is divested Persistent negative cash flows from a particular business create financial problems for the whole company, creating a need for the divestment of that business. Severity of competition and the inability of a firm to cope with it may cause it to divest. technological up gradation is required if the business is to survive but where it is not possible for the firm to enclothe in it.A preferable option would be to divest Divestment may be done because by selling off a part of a business the company may be in a position to survive A bett er alternative may be available for investment, cause a firm to divest a part of its useless business. Divestment by one firm may be a part of merger plan executed with another firm, where mutual exchange of unprofitable divisions may take place. Lastly a firm may divest in order to sop up the provisions of the MRTP Act or owing to oversize and the resultant inability to manage a pear-shaped business. E.g TATA group is a highly diversified entity with a range of businesses under its fold.They identified their non core businesses for divestment. TOMCO was divested and change to Hindustan Levers as soaps and a detergent was not considered a core business for the Tatas. Similarly, the pharmaceuticals companies of the Tatas- Merind and Tata pharma were divested to Wockhardt. The cosmetics company Lakme was divested and sell to Hindustan Levers, as besides being a non core business, it was found to be a non- competitive and would have required substantial investment to be sustaine d.3. Liquidation StrategiesA retrenchment strategy which is considered the most entire and unattractive is the liquidation strategy, which involves closing down a firm and selling its assets. It is considered as the last recur because it leads to serious consequences such as loss of employment for workers and other employees, termination of opportunities where a firm could quest after any future activities and the stigma of failureThe psychological implicationsThe prospects of liquidation create a bad wallop on the companys reputation. For many executives who are closely associated firms, liquidation may be a traumatic experience. Legal aspects of liquidation Under the Companies Act 1956, liquidation is termed as kink up. The Act defines winding up of a company as the process whereby its life is ended and its property administered for the benefit of its creditors and members. The Act provides for a liquidator who takes control of the company, collect its assets, pay it debts, a nd finally distributes any surplus among the members according to their rights.

The River of Earth

The River of Earth The novel River Of Earth by James take over is a story ab tabu life in e Appalachia just before The Great Depression. The story provides a very low-cal description of the problems and challenges the mountain people faced after the settlement of their land. Even though the novel is vague by other writings of the time period dealing with poor southern life, it is still considered a great neglected masterpiece. The story is about a family that considers awkward. They struggle to put enough food on the table for the entire family, most of the time the mother barely eats.They live in a bitty smoke house that is very cramped and cluttered because of the number of people living in it. The begin is waiting for the coal mines to open so he can work, while the mother takes care of the kids, the family does not complain they feel blessed for what they induct . The find is very proud and doesnt turn anyone away when they need ease. In the book he allowed a group of m iners to take most of his beans from the garden to service keep their families feed .The mother is a very strongwilled woman. She never lets anything bring her down when the family begins to urinate pain in the neck with food she suggests that they begin maturation a garden and providing for themselves. The kids are smart and goodwilled from what they are taught by their parents. They disclose good moral values in their graphic symbols. The garden is a source of life for the family in the book. This is so because as times get harder they grow together and the garden also becomes more and heartier.They begin to have more food for their dinners, this helps the family keep their spirits up and continue to hope for good blessings to be brought to the family such as the mines opening. As the family grows stronger they begin to summarize to their source of food. Instead of eating only soup and vegetables and potatoes, they add begin to eat meat. They own a guinea Chicken which sta rts to lay a large tote up of eggs they let hatch and raise. The kids are not embarrassed about what they eat, they seem happy for what they have.The father makes the children go to school because he feels that everyone should learn the basics of academics such as reading and writing to help them survive is the world. At first they are scared and dont want to go because they have never been and feel they are too young. As they continue to grow they start to show improvements and net confidence in their ability to perform in the classroom. They fear for the teacher being run gain because the experienceder kids dont like him and some of the parents dont appreciate his teaching methods.The principal(prenominal) character and his sister hope he stays so they will continue to learn. The main character is sent by his father to stay with his gran. This is where you learn that the strong heart runs in the family. This is true because she is a seventy-eight year old woman and will stil l patch out two the three estates of corn and make enough bread for the winter to do what she can to keep her family feed. In her old age she hasnt kept the best health. Some days she is too sick to get out of the bed. The main character takes care of her he cooks all the meals for her and helps her start to feel better.Living with her he hears stories of his father and how he is an honest man. Also his grandmother tells him about his grandfather and all the great things he would do. Living with his grandmother is a great experience for the main character because she brings him history of his family and teaches him many things on how to live a content life. Also being away from home helps himself grow as a person. It teaches to stick up for himself and make his own decisions without the influence of others. When the main character returns to his family he learns that the baby had died from croup.Also the family moves to a farm they rented in Flaxpatch on Little Angus. Here they pla nt crops and farm together as a family. The father has returned from the mines and decides he wishes to move back because he heard they would stay open through the winter. They go and he working there for a while and earns decent money, enough to support his family. During the winter the main characters grandmother dies. Its a sad moment for the entire family. This is so because she was such a strong figure in the book even with her bad health.After the winter the father decides to stop mining and move the family to a mall where he can find a different job or stat a farm. In the decision the main character imagines his grandmother talking to him about his baby sibling crying. This story gives great point in time to a life lived by the mountain families of the Appalachia. It puts you in the shoes of a young boy who is growing up in the hard time period just before The Great Depression. James Still does a great job of capturing the culture of the time period. Unfortunately, this b ook will always remain a neglected masterpiece.

V-Guard Industries

What started in 1977 with cardinal employees and a burning passion is now a force to reckon with in the Indian electric automobile and electronic unspoilts panorama. Our untiring commitment for per tuneance, chipting acuteness technology, sophisticated design and dependable service standards constitute lead to unrivalled harvest-time musical note and a blasphemeed grade image. At V-Guard the principles that prompt our success remain un modifyd The passion of our early long clock time and our quest for excellence.Through stringent quality measures, reliable products, talented people and a responsible approach to patronage and global citizenship we continue to steadily capture the hearts of the people. In 1977, Kochouseph Chittilappilly began a small manufacturing unit for potency stabilizers with a vision and a capital of Rs 1,00,000 borrowed from his father. He soon established V-Guard Industries as a menage name. V-Guard became the synonym for voltage stabilizers acros s S emergeh India.The caller-out soon extended their range of products to include Pumps & Motors, electric automobile Water Heaters, Solar Water Heaters, Cables, UPSs, and Ceiling Fans. V-Guard continues to remain at the helm through and through rigorous look into and development. R&D labs at cochin china and Coimbatore explore and reinvent existing products and design. R&D for electronic products and electric geysers be carried out in cochin china while electro-mechanical products, electrical wires and solar weewee smokes are the unanimous V-Guard continues to remain at the helm through rigorous research and development.R&D labs at Cochin and Coimbatore explore and reinvent existing products and design. R&D for electronic products and electric geysers are carried out in Cochin while electro-mechanical products, electrical wires and solar water heaters are the strong point of the Coimbatore R&D lab. State of the art production centres ensure organic structure and quality thro ughout the product range. Workforce beingness the centre of attention asset of any organisation, V-Guard has an employee military unit of much than than 1750 and over 5500 indirect employees through its SHG initiatives.With over two hundred distributors and service centres and to a greater extent than 10,000 retailers serving the needs of over 50 million customers, V-Guard stands as a foodstuff leader. News Investor dealing CSR Careers Contact Us Privacy policy Terms of use Disclaimer aim Map 2011 potencyity Stabilizers, Electrical Wires, Water Heaters, Water Pumps, emf Stabilizers V-Guard Industries Ltd. All Rights Reserved Web program positioned by DREEME point of the Coimbatore R&D lab. State of the art production centres ensure consistency and quality throughout the product range.Workforce being the core asset of any organisation, V-Guard has an employee strength of more than 1750 and over 5500 indirect employees through its SHG initiatives. With over 200 distributors and service centres and more than 10,000 retailers serving the needs of over 50 million customers, V-Guard stands as a marketplace leader. News Investor Relations CSR Careers Contact Us Privacy policy Terms of use Disclaimer Site Map 2011 Voltage Stabilizers, Electrical Wires, Water Heaters, Water Pumps, Voltage Stabilizers V-Guard Industries Ltd.All Rights Reserved Web Design powered by DREEME About us CSR * coachs * V-Guard Story * Quality aver We believe in the amalgamation of corporate management, sustainable development and global responsibility in workings toward a better society and in that respectby a better world. We are committed to greening our environment, financial backing the less fortunate and nurturing the downtrodden. Extending a hand in support of education Kerala industrialist donates kidney to save a breeding ROTARY-BINANI ZINC CSR AWARDV Guard Industries was awarded the ROTARY-BINANI ZINC CSR AWARD (Private Sector) by the Rotary Club of Cochin Metropolis, in knowledge with NIPM Kerala Chapter and ICAI, Ernakulam Branch for Best Corporate Social Responsibility Initiative by a company in the State of Kerala. Our articulatio Managing Director Dr. George Sleeba receiving the award. The Thomas Chittilapilly Trust The Thomas Chittilapilly Trust was founded by Kochouseph Chittilapilly, in store of his late father, C. O. Thomas. It is an extension of the philanthropic and responsible values espoused at V-Guard.It is dedicated to extending its reach to areas of health, education and care. The trust provides health insurance cover for 1314 families from financially backward classes, 922 families at Tholur Panchayat, Kerala and 105 families in Ramanagaram Taluk in Bangalore, Karnataka. It too conducts muster out health camps at villages and backward areas where the reach of proper health care is absent. It sponsors the education of 1587 tame children from economically backward sections in Thrissur and Ernakulam Districts in Kerala and Ramanagaram Taluk, Bangalore.The trust has in wish well manner made substantial contributions to NGOs working for discordant social welfare causes desire Udhavumkarangal and the SOS village. It has as well donated generously to many national take causes and relief funds like the Prime Ministers Relief memory board, Kargil war victims, relief for the earthquake victims of Latur and Gujarat, victims of the Orissa cyclone and the Tsunami Relief Fund of the Prime Minister as well as the Chief Minister. Shantimandiram An old age home for women, providing nurse and care for those who are unable to care of themselves in Parappur Village, Trissur, Kerala.It is managed by the Sisters of CMC Nirmala Province in whose able work force the inmates receive love and care irrespective of caste and community. The facility accommodates 60 inmates at a time and is recognised by the Board of discover for Orphanages and other Charitable Homes, Kerala. True to its name, all facilities are provided free of cost and it is a haven of peace and tranquility where the inmates spend the evening of their lives in dignity and comfort. Shanthimandiram famous its first anniversary on 29th May 2010 along with the Inmates. The function started with the blessings of Fr. Franko Kavalakkatt, Vicar, Parappur Forona Church.Various cultural programmes have been performed by the inmates of Shanthimandiram. The function got enriched with the Folk dance by Managing Trustee and family. The sisters of Shanthimandiram in like manner involved with the cultural programmes. Social upbeat Fund- an employee CSR activity Social welfare consciousness being embedded in V-Guard work culture has motivated the employees to join hands in reaching out in charity. The Social Welfare Fund was created out of the favourablewill of the employees who collate funds and donate towards cost of medicines for the poor in the cancer ward at the Ernakulam General Hospital.Stabilizer SHG activi ty Since its inception V-Guard has been providing a mutually beneficial income generating option to women. Women who have grouped themselves to form SHGs (Self Help Groups) are distributed assembly kits for voltage stabilizers. An economical distribution and collection system sack upworks the women with the company and has been a resounding success for decades. It provides a stable income for their households and in turn emancipation from poverty. News Investor Relations CSR Careers Contact Us Privacy policy Terms of use Disclaimer Site Map 2011 Voltage Stabilizers, Electrical Wires, Water Heaters, Water Pumps, Voltage Stabilizers V-Guard Industries Ltd. All Rights Reserved Web Design powered by DREEME About us The V-Guard Management * V-Guard Story * Quality Control * CSR He is a post calibrate in skill, studying in Physics from Calicut University. He started his career as a supervisor in an electronics company, where he worked for three old age. In the year 1977, he started a SSI Unit engaged in the manufacturing and selling of electronic Voltage stabilizers. He is one of the fo under(a) Promoters and has motivated the caller-up to succeed in its business.He has been the Managing Director of the attach to since its inception and has taken caller to its current levels of stature and recognition with his experience and vision. In April, 2012 he passed the billystick on to his son Mr. Mithun Chittilapilly as the Managing Director, assuming the post of Executive Vice Ch expressionman of the company and on November 1, 2012, when Shri. P. G. R. Prasad stepped down, he took over as the Chairman of the Board of Directors. He is the recipient of numerous awards, which were bestowed on him for his typic performance in business.Among them are Business Man of the Millennium 2000 from Rashtra Deepika, Tourism Man of the year from savoir-faire Kerala and Samman Pathra stage for top income tax payer from Honble Union Minister of State for Finance. As the Managing Director, Mr. Kochouseph has been the main ride force behind the companys sustained ontogenesis. more Shri. Cherian N. Punnoose, a Feldepression member of Institute of Chartered Accountants of India, conjugated V-Guard as Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors. Formerly Director of Finance at Kochi Refineries Ltd. (KRL), he was also on the Board of Pertonet CCK Ltd.He has 40 years of experience in the field of Finance, canvass and brass section. Served KRL for 25 years in mingled capacities prior to becoming a member of the Board of Directors. Prior to joining KRL he also served Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited and International Airports Authority of India. He has undergone short term training in Advanced Financial Management Techniques in Strathclyde Business School of the University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK He is a postgraduate in commerce, Certified Financial Planner and a Research Scholar with School of Management Studies of Cochin University of Science a nd Technology.He joined the company as an In myrmecophilous Director on 16th August 2007. He is a member of Executive Committee of matter Stock Exchange of India Ltd. , National Securities Depository Ltd. , BNP Paribas Personal Investors, capital of France and Cochin Chamber of Commerce and also a Managing Committee member of ASSOCHAM and KMA. He is also a member of Confederation of Indian Industry, Kerala State Council and Capital Market Committee of Federation of Indian chamber of Commerce and Industry. Charter member of Tie, Kerala.He has also been awarded the Business Man of Kerala by Business Deepika, Excellence study from Kerala Management Association and Dhanam Business Man of the Year, 2006. Presently, he is the Managing Director of Geojit BNP Paribas Financial Services Ltd Mr. Nair was appointed as the Non Executive Independent Director of the attach to on 27th May 2009. Mr. A K Nair holds a Bachelors degree in Mechanical Engineering with Masters in Business Administra tion and has over 45 years of Industry experience specially in the filed of Engineering, Finance and General Administration.Mr. A K Nair has served Kerala State Industrial Development Corporation and Nitta Gelatin India limited as Managing Director and is soon on the Director Board of many other companies. He is a post graduate in Finance from University of Melbourne, Australia. Mr. Mithun K Chittilappilly after completing his graduation in Commerce joined V-Guard to be develop in the various departments of the company, ranging from Finance to Marketing.In January 2005, he took a break from work for a year and a half to pursue his post graduation in Finance from University of Melbourne, Australia. After graduating in May 2006, he joined the ships company as Executive Director and in 2012 was appointed as the Managing Director of the Company. Dr. Sleeba has been inducted as an Additional Director of the Company with effect from 27th May, 2010. He has also been appointed as the Joi nt Managing Director of the Company with effect from 1st June, 2010. Dr.George Sleeba is a receive in Mechanical Engineering with start Class Honours from Kerala University and M Tech in Industrial Engineering from IIT, Madras, Dr. Sleeba has a Post Graduate Diploma in Management from All India Management Association (AIMA) and Doctorate in Social Sciences from the Cochin University of Science & technology (CUSAT). He has undergone a three month Senior Management programme as a Colombo Plan Scholar in UK organised by the British Council and holds a security measures in Training & Development from the Institute of Training & Development, UK.Dr. George Sleeba was the Former Chairman and Managing Director of FACT Ltd, a multidivisional corporation with more than Rs. 2300 Crores disorder and 4000 employees the biggest Central PSU in the State of Kerala. He has proven managerial competence and academic excellence. He has more than 38 years of outstanding contribution to the persis tence in various functional areas of management, of which 30 years had been in FACT in senior management positions such as General Manager, Executive Director, Technical Director and as Chairman & Managing Director.He had been the Managing Director of two State Govt Undertakings Travancore Cements Ltd and Travancore Sugars & Chemicals Ltd. He has also served as a Consultant to the Govt of Kerala for revival of sick units in the Public Sector. He is a member of the Industrial Relations Board of the Govt of Kerala. He is recognized as a turnaround specialist, assign with transforming the ailing FACT into a maturement oriented, diversified, profit making company.In recognition of his contribution to the industry, he has been awarded the Lal Bahadur Shastri National Award for professional excellence in public sector, Padmasree Paul Pothen Award for professional excellence, Merit Award from FACT for outstanding performance, Jaycees Award for Processional Achievement, Rotary Internatio nal Award for outstanding professional from industry, smell Time Achievement Award from NIPM from Palakkad Group, Outstanding Achievement Award for revival of FACT from Kerala Darshana Vedi an NGO.Management Discussions 1. ECONOMIC SCENARIO AND intentness OVERVIEWAfter the global economic recession, many of the world economies are growing in a slowpace even straight off so far, the Indian economy had showed faster recovery from the secondhalf of 2009-10 and has gaind robust and steady economic suppuration during the fiscal2010-11. With astounding proceeds in major sectors like agriculture, manufacturing,services, automobiles and realty, the countrys GDP rate has grown by 8. 5% during thefiscal 2010-11.Indian consumer industry also witnessed good maturement during the year under go off. Increasing urbanisation match with mellow disposable income of individuals and a surge inadvertising has been subservient in bringing about a sea change in the consumer behaviorpattern and has resulted in accessiond consumer spend towards branded products both in untaught and urban markets of India. 2. OVERALL PERFORMANCEV-Guard continues to enjoy a leading position in the electrical and electronic consumermarket in the country.With a large variety of products, strong brand equity and widelyspread distribution channel, the Company enjoys a unique position to cater to the consumerneeds of various segments. The Company reach outd net gross revenue of Rs. 726. 34 crores during theyear under canvass, charting a growth of 59. 96%, over the net gross sales events of Rs. 454. 09 croresfor the introductory year. Following the robust growth achieved in sales, the Company recordeda Net Profit of Rs. 39. 70 crores, without considering portentous profit of Rs. 3. 63crores during the year under review, which is 55. 84 % more compared to the antecedent year.The contribution from Non-South Indian markets in the turnover is more than Rs. 160. 00crores in the fiscal 2010-11. The products that accounted more to achieve the sales werewires, stabilizers and pumps. BUSINESS REVIEW3. 1 VOLTAGE STABILIZERSThe Companys flagship product Voltage Stabilizers has achieved a turnover of Rs. 166. 82 crores during the year under review, which is 23% of the replete(p) net sales. Pursuantto the surge in the consumer durable industry there was a significant increase in the saleof exsanguine goods like refrigerators, air conditioners, washing machines etc. which hasresulted in an increase in the sale of stabilizers for air conditioners, refrigerator etc.During the year under review, the product has grown by 44. 73% in value, when compared withthe sale of previous year. New models of stabilizers meant for air conditioners were claimd considering thelocal requirements of non-south Indian markets with reduced cost. New models were alsointroduced for tread mill, washing machine and micro curl oven. The Companys persistent efforts o maintain the quality of the product, br ingingout improvements on an on-going basis by introducing unexampled models that meets the localmarket engages, focused R & D efforts and strong channel network across the country,have all contributed to maintain its preponderant position in the sector. The main threat faced in the product line is the seasonal disposition of many of the whitegoods and the aggressive feed by the lyingrs of the white goods stating that theappliance contains in-built stabilizers. Besides these, the change magnitude inflation rate,competition from the unbranded segment, ameliorate power distribution etc.May hamper the futurity growth of the product. During the year under review, the Company came out with an ad campaign to overcome theimpact of the claim of the manufacturers of the white goods that their appliance containsin-built stabilizers which has helped to create sentiency on the retailers and customershow the stabilizers protects the appliance during the power cut and also from the volta gefluctuation when the power comes back. Through this awareness creation ad, it was able tocreate a positive impact on the mindset of the consumers on the need for a stabilizer.Your Company is expecting the consumer industry to grow in a good pace in the currentfiscal and this will create an change magnitude pick out for appliances like liquid crystal display TV, refrigerators,air conditioners and consequently an impressive growth in the stabilizers suitable forthese appliances. Focus is being given to expand the marketing network to verdant marketsand other untapped markets as well as to increase the sale in the new segments ofstabilizers for LCD TVs, tread mill, washing machine etc. 3. 2 WIRING CABLESYour Company is one of the leading manufacturers of wires in the branded segment in thecountry.Total sales achieved in the wire segment for the year under review was Rs. 206. 05crores and it accounted for 28. 40% of the total net sales of the Company. Growth during the year under review was gon by the increased demand from sectorslike building and construction, automobile, aviation, push button, engineering andtelecommunications. Construction industry has revived considerably, after the economicslowdown and as a result, there is an overall improvement in the demand for wires. Thegrowth in the sales in terms of sum of money and value was 35% and 68% respectively, whencompared with the sales of previous fiscal.Capacity utilisation of the factories werealso considerably modify during the year under review. Increase in the volume andefficient purchase of raw-materials resulted in better sales growth and profitability. The major strength of this product segment is good network for distribution, increasedbrand image in south and non-south Indian markets and better quality of products. However,brand awareness is to be hike up increased in the non-south Indian market and efforts areto be made to indulge more orders from Govt. departments, various public and pr ivatesector organizations etc.Moreover, high volatility in the scathe of the majorraw-materials is one of the major reasons for low margin. Risk associated with theincrease in copper price can be mitigated by efficiently planning the procurement ofcopper and also keeping the inventory of wires at low levels. As major growth sectors in the country is pass judgment to come out with impressive growthduring the fiscal 2011-12, the way ahead for the product seems to be good and focus willbe given to tap the potential in the rural parts of the country and also increase themarket share of the non-south Indian market.As the construction industry is expected togrow further, efforts shall be made to procure more project / institutional orders. 3. 3 PUMPS AND MOTORSDuring the year under review, the Company was able to achieve moderate growth in thepump segment consisting of single and three phase pumps. Impressive sales was achieved inthe first half of the fiscal, however due to the extende d monsoon, growth was sluggishduring the second half. Total sale achieved was Rs. 121. 00 crores, showing a growth of 42%over the sales achieved during the financial year 2009-10.The product line was able tocontribute 16. 65% of the total net sales of the Company. New models were introduced as per the geographical requirements and efforts were madeto increase the brand visibility especially in the non-south Indian markets and also inthe rural and semi urban areas. With the support of more below the line activities,increased penetration was achieved in respect of three phase pumps in tier II & tierIII cities. More number of Dealers were appointed in unre attested areas of non-SouthIndian markets with a view to expand our marketing network.The Company was also able tointroduce 5 star rated models suited for different segments of customers. Sale of the product whitethorn suit affected due to climatic conditions and also there is stiffcompetition from the players both in the organized and unorganised sectors. Non-availability of skilled man power from the industry may also hamper the growth of theproduct. Your Company is planning to give more concentration in new market segments withproducts like agricultural pumps, motors & industrial pumps and also three phase pumpsin a big way. 3. ELECTRIC peeing HEATERS ( GEYSERS)Electrical products segment has shown a good growth in the country during the yearunder review contributing to an impressive growth in the product line. Seasonal factorslike good monsoon rains, early winters in the northern parts of the country have alsofavoured the growth of the product. During the year under review, the total sale achievedwas Rs. 60. 00 crores which is 62% over the previous years sale of Rs. 37. 00 crores. Sale of Gas water heaters introduced in the previous year was extremely good.Dealer network for the product was considerably increased both in the urban as well asrural markets. During the year under review, more number of econ omy models was introducedbesides 5 star rated models that ensures reduction in the usage of energy. Your Companywas able to introduce glassy enamel tank to increase the life of the tanks and thischange has been well accepted in the market. The product has got good market potential in non-south India due to the climaticcondition and the same can be capitalized by increasing the brand awareness and also theconfidence level of the Dealers.In case, the sale price of solar water heaters gets reduced considerably in future dueto skip technology in manufacture or by grant of high subsidy by the Government,there is a likelihood of certain segment of customers shifting to solar water heatersthereby affecting the sale of electric water heaters to some extent. Moreover, powershortage prevalent in many parts of the country and increasing cost of power may alsoaffect the future growth potential of electric water heaters.Your Company is planning tointroduce new models and more star rated models to reduce energy consumption and forreduction in operational costs as a scheme to maintain the growth impulsion. 3. 5 SOLAR WATER HEATERSWith a view to conserve electrical energy by curtailing power consumption in house holdappliances and industrial equipment, the Government is encouraging the use of alternate orrenewable energy in place of electrical energy in a massive way. Further, to encourage theuse of solar thermal devices for heating water, the Government has introduced subsidy tothe end consumer.Many nationalized banks are also providing loans at cheaper interestrates for purchase of solar water heaters. Many of the state governments in the countryhave mandated the use of solar water heaters in commercial segments facilitating increasedsale of higher(prenominal) capacity industrial and commercial models. These steps are expected toaccelerate the growth of the solar water heater industry in the coming years. To take advantage of the emerging scenario, your Company has intr oduced solar waterheaters with improved and innovative designs for varying applications with a view toexpand its market share in domestic and commercial segments.During the year under review,the marketing network for sales of solar water heaters was reorganized with introductionof direct sales to customers in major cities, to facilitate getting more project orders. Your Company is also enjoying superior technology in the manufacture of solar waterheaters that give longer life of inner steel tanks, thus providing an edge over thecompetitors in the segment. All these efforts have resulted in increasing the turnover of solar water heaters toRs. 22. 00 crores during the year under review registering a growth of 34% over theprevious years turnover of Rs. 6. 40 crores. Considering the future growth potential, your Company is on the threshold of setting upa major manufacturing facility for solar water heater with improved technology atPerundurai, near Erode, Tamil Nadu, in the land taken o n lease from SIPCOT and the newmanufacturing unit is expected to be commissioned by the third quarter of the fiscal2011-12. This improved technology is intended to mitigate the present problem of corrosionof inner tank of solar water heaters in hard water areas. An investment of Rs. 8. 00 croresis envisaged for the project.Your Company has also initiated the process for obtainingCRISIL rating for Solar Water Heater Division, that will help the consumers toavail the subsidy announce by the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE)while making purchases of solar water heaters. However, possibility of further increase inlending rates may have a negative impact on the purchase of solar water heaters utilizingthe loans from commercial banks. 3. 6 FANSGrowth in the electrical products segment in the country has supported the fan industryalso to achieve an impressive growth in the year under review.In 2010-11, your Companyachieved a net sale of Rs. 53. 00 crores, which shows 107% growt h over the net sale of Rs. 25. 60 crores, recorded in the previous year. Good range of products in the detonating device fansand new models of table, pedestal and wall mounting fans through imports and decorativemodels in ceiling fans have enabled the Company to achieve higher sales and improve theprofitability in the product line. The Company was also able to improve the sale in thenon-south Indian market by appointing more number of channel partners and alsoconcentrating in the rural markets of various parts of the country.As the booming construction industry is expected to give a fillip to the electricalsegment industry, Your Company is self-confident of increasing its market share in the comingyears in the product line. It is also planned to appoint more number of dealers in theunrepresented areas to expand our marketing network. Your Company is also carrying outcontinuous R & D activities in its pilot production unit located at Kala Amb, toreduce the cost of production, impr ove the quality and reliability and to introduce lessenergy go through models.More thrust is also given to capture more projects orders both from the Public andPrivate sector organizations. It is also proposed to introduce industrial exhaust fans tomeet the requirement of industry in the coming years. Sale of the product is highly dependent on the seasonality and also the growth in therealty sector. If the climatic conditions are not favourable, the sale may get affected. Moreover, competition from the unorganized sector is also a threat. To overcome thecompetition from the unorganized sector, your Company is involved in increasing its brandawareness by doing Below The contestation activities.With continuous R&D and withintroduction of more models of energy efficient fans, your Company is confident ofincreasing its market share and profitability in the coming year. 3. 7 POWER & harbour CABLESYour Company embarked into manufacture and marketing of LT Cables in 2009 by setting upa manufacturing facility at Coimbatore. LT Power and Control cables are mainly used inpower generation and distribution plants and also in electrical systems within thepremises. As the power sector and construction industry are growing at a faster rate, goodgrowth potential is expected for the product. The Company achieved a net sales of Rs. 2. 00 crores, during the year under review and registered a growth of 165% over theprevious year. Order book consists of clients from major organizations from public andprivate sectors. Good brand image, consistency in quality of products and network withstrong dealers are the main growth drivers in the product line.The Company plans to grow further in the coming fiscal and increase its capacityutilization by getting more orders from Govt. and private institutions. 3. 8 unremitting POWER SUPPLY (UPS) SYSTEMSDuring the year under review, Indias personal computer (PC) market registered agrowth f 30% which is the highest since the year 2007. Nearly 25,00,000 PCs were shippedto Indian consumers, raising the overall sales by 26 per cent in the period. The demandfor UPS in India is expected to be robust, especially from rural and semi-urban areas,where the rapid development in the IT infrastructure and lengthened power cuts and load cast off is more, compared to what urban areas experience. During the year under review,the product line UPS has made an incremental growth in sales both in terms of value andvolume.Your Company was able to achieve net sales of Rs. 7. 00 crores, therebyregistering a growth of 56% over the previous years sale of Rs. 17. 36 crores. The factors that drive sustainable growth in this segment are the quality andreliability of products, competitive prices, availability of the product through a widedistribution network and prompt after sales service support. Your Company is adoptingstrategies for penetrating the B and C class cities to ensure growth in this product line. Growth is also expected from hospitali ty industry as well as educational institutions,where the usage of UPS is more.However, UPS is as an ancillary product of desktop computers and the demand of UPSdepends directly on the demand of desktop computers. The sales growth of Laptops isindirectly affecting the sales of UPS in the stratum I and Tier II Cities. Your Company istaking steps to increase the range of models in the category of Line Interactive UPS andonline UPS for wide range of applications as a strategy for increasing sales. 3. 9 DIGITAL groundwork UPSDigital Home UPS industry is poised to grow aggressively in the coming years.The acutepower shortage and load shedding stipulated by various State Governments and frequent longhour power failures have contributed to the growth of the product line in a big way. During the year under review, net sale achieved was Rs. 22. 00 crores, registering a growthof 150% over the previous years sale of Rs. 8. 77 crores. In the year under review,the product reach was increased b y making it available throughout the country byappointing number of Direct Marketing Associates and girding the marketing network.Your Company has also introduced battery for the Digital UPS during the fiscal 2010-11. Considering the huge market potential, the Company is confident of increasing the salesmany fold in the coming years. 4. OPPORTUNITIES & THREATSYour Company is engaged in the manufacturing and marketing of various products whichforms part of the segments like electronic and electrical, consumer durable, agriculture,construction and power. Sales growth of the each product vertical is having a direct nexuswith development of the core sectors of the economy.As the Indian economy is on a fastgrowing pace, all the key sectors are also showing exquisite growth. The Indian consumerdurable industry witnessed a tremendous growth during the year under review. Changinglifestyle, higher disposable income coupled with greater affordability, boom in the realestate and housing indu stry and a surge in advertising has been instrumental in bringingabout a sea change in the consumer behavior pattern. Rural markets and small towns haveshown promising demand for durables and prosperity in rural India has been one of themajor driving forces for rural growth.Though the economy is growing in a fast manner, the high inflation prevalent in thecountry may affect the growth of the sectors like construction, consumer durables,agriculture etc. It may also affect the purchasing power of the people and slow down themovement of white goods. Besides, consumers are more aware of energy efficient appliancesas they are proactively asking for star-rated refrigerators, air conditioners, waterheaters, pumps etc. If the Company fails to introduce energy saving models, it will befacing difficult situation to market the products.Moreover, in the highly inflationaryregime, price of the raw-materials may increase considerably leading to increased cost ofproduction. Attempts to pass on the price escalation to the consumer, may lead to, peopleopting for unbranded products, considering the price variation. 5. FUTURE OUTLOOKThe Indian economy is expected to maintain the growth momentum in the coming years. With the existing product range and by introducing new models which suits with the localrequirements of various markets and by providing good after sales service, your Directorsare confident of achieving desired growth levels and improve the profitability further.Possibility of adding one or two products coming in the home appliance segment is alsounder consideration. Thrust will be given to strengthen the existing manufacturingfacilities by making additional investment wherever required. Efforts will be taken toimprove the brand awareness in the new markets and more penetration will be made in thesemi-urban and rural areas. 6. RISKS AND RISK MITIGATIONThe Company has an Enterprise Wide Risk Management System in place and has place downprocedures for risk assessment and its mitigation.A two level committee monitors therisks and its mitigation measures on a regular basis. The debase level consists of 4 ware Risk groups each headed by a VP and comprising of concerned product heads andrepresentatives from other functions like Finance, Systems, customer Service, HumanResource, Legal etc. The apex body, known as Risk Management Team is headed by theExecutive Director and comprise of Sr. Vice Presidents, Vice Presidents, Chief RiskOfficer, Assistant Risk Officer and heads of various Product Risk Groups as members.The Product Risk Groups holds periodical meetings and review the risks and mitigationmeasures in the respective product groups and submit their reports along with the minutesof the meetings to the Risk Management Team, which review and consolidate the Risk reportand submit quarterly reports before the Audit Committee for its review and recommendationto the Board. The Company is also maintaining Risk Registers for each product and the samea re updated on regular basis.

Reseach paper on the tectonic plate and hot spots in Yellow Stone Research

Reseach on the tectonic plate and hot spy in Yellow Stone National Park, Wyoming - Research Paper ExampleThe Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE) is home to an massive biodiversity of insects, birds and mammals, all of which be coming under increasing pressure from a growing human population. kind-hearted Population and Economics The population of Wyoming alone is estimated to be around 522,830 (Local Census) and the GYR has one of the fastest population outgrowth rates in the U.S. (Hansen et al.). Population growth in the GYR is driven by ecological and social, rather than economical factors, with quality of life organism the predominant reason stated for relocation reasons. The most common businesses ar tourism related or are service industry businesses such as insurance and true(a) estate firms (Rasker and Hansen 30). A large percentage of the population is also retired (Ibid 31). The state GDP as of 2005 was $27.4 one million million (Local Census) Historical population l evels were far fewer and centered on extraction industries such as mining, logging, grazing and agriculture. These industries now only represent 5% of the spheres economic output (Rasker and Hansen 30). Developments are being built on the 3million acres of privately owned land that was previously used for agricultural purposes. These lands smash the federally owned parklands of the GYR (Rasker and Hansen 30). ... he GYE Animal populations of the GYE include large and varied populations of herbivorous, insectivorous, and predatory bird species, insects, reptiles, seek and herbivorous, omnivorous and carnivorous mammals. Many of these species are registered as endangered. The grizzly bear is common to the region, as are large herds of grazing ungulates, including some of the last bison and Elk herds in coupling America. The wolf has also been successfully re-introduced to the region (Yellowstone National Park). Most bird species reside in lowlands where primary productivity is at its highest and the humor most agreeable. This places them directly in competition with human populations for productive lands (Hansen et al.). Geology, Volcanism and Seismicity of the GYE YNP is located in a volcanic caldera or super volcano that was formed about 600,000 years ago (kya). The Yellowstone caldera (YC) lies above a rooftree centred, mid-continental hotspot/magma plume that continues to be volcanically active (Foulger and Natland 922). The ridge forms the north-easternmost part of one of two volcanic chains in western America that are linked in origin to the Juan de Fuca Plate subducting at a lower place the North American Plate (Suppe, Powell and Berry 400). The YC is situated at the convergence of the Western U.S. Plate and the North American Plate. The Western Plates eastern boundary is fastened to the Yellowstone hotspot and it is slowly blow eastwards, creating the Great Basin (Suppe, Powell and Berry 400). A volcanic eruption has not occurred since 70kya whe n lava flows covered much of the region (Brantley et al. 1). The YC continues to be volcanically active, as evidenced by YNPs famous geothermal features and the high relative frequency of earthquakes that occur in the region. Thousands

Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 8

Art - Essay ExampleArt started before anyone had even recognized it. It was handle in the cave man times when things were written on walls and it was passed on by others in the tribe by an example of what others had done or their own interpretation. It started 40000 years ago as a form of throng expressing their thoughts. Research shows that artwork began at the same time when human beings advanced in making tools (James, 87). In this case, artwork started as a way of keeping records for future references. It is used to let the menses coevals know how their culture should be.SurrealismSurrealism is a recent painting style that shows different images together to provide a startling effect. The images are usually illogical with dreamlike standards about them. Such is like the accustomed picture.This is another(prenominal) modern art style where the artist knows that an idea is very important that the artwork itself. In the given picture the conceptual artists believe that it will be completed by the people viewing it.Pop artThis happened as a reaction to expression that happened in 1950s and the British at that time believed it was art that was promote taken to the current time. In the case of the given picture, the main reason of the artist is to let the current generation know what happened in the past .This is painting which really looks like a photograph. It is normally influenced by pop art and it is like a reaction to expressionism like the picture given really looks like a photograph.