Electronic Health Records and Our Government Essay

Electronic Health Records involvement in health care reform is at the main focus of lowering the cost to make care more affordable and improvement in the quality of care patients receive. The transition to electronic health records for the last couple years have been driven by offered incentives through the government. As the time pass by the popularity of electronic health record system increase more and more. EHR Systems involvement with government health care reforms in 2010 Financial incentives were aligned to encourage the adoption of EHR. To further support the transition to EHR funds were also provided to train health care professionals on how to us EHR in a meaningful manner. The incentives decline every year until 2015 when it will then be mandatory. After the deadline of 2015 not being in compliance will result in being penalized financially. In order to receive the incentives there are very specific guidelines and requirements that must be fulfilled. Some examples of requirements are EHR systems that record BMI (body mass index), patient demographics, as well as 40% of prescriptions must be submitted electronically. EHR Systems involvement with government health care reforms in 2011 The reporting year begins for eligible professions on January 1st. Medicare EMR incentive program registration began in January 3rd. In April Attestation began. In May Payments began. July 3rd was the last day for eligible hospitals to begin their 90 day reporting period to demonstrate meaningful use for the Medicare EMR incentive program. September 30th was the last day of reporting year ends for eligible hospitals. October 1st was the last day for eligible professionals to begin their 90 day reporting period for calendar year 2011. December 31st the reporting year ends for  eligible professions. Out of 57% of office based physicians that were using HER systems only 34% met the criteria to receive incentives. (CDC) EHR Systems involvement with government health care reforms in 2013 According to the CDC By this time fifty percent of doctors and eighty percent of hospitals were receiving incentives for using EHR meaningfully. Before the encouragement of transitioning to EHR by presi dent Obama only seventeen percent of physicians were using it. (U.S. Department of Health & Human Services) It was predicted by the congressional budget office that â€Å"the federal government will be saving close to twelve billion by converting to electronic health records†.(U.S. Department of Health & Human Services) WORKS CITED Hsiao, Chun-ju, and Esther Hing. â€Å"Electronic Health Record Systems and Intent to Apply for Meaningful Use Incentives Among Office-based Physician Practices.† Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 07 Mar. 2012. Web. 11 Sept. 2014. HHS. â€Å"News.† Doctors and Hospitals’ Use of Health IT More than Doubles since 2012. U.S. Department of Health &Humanservices, n.d. Web. 11 Sept. 2014. Pear, Robert. â€Å"Standards Issued for Electronic Health Records.† THE NEW YORK TIMES. NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY, 13 July 2010. Web.Schiling, Brian. â€Å"Quality Matters.† The Federal Government Has Put Billions into Promoting Electronic Health Record Use: How Is It Going? THE Comonwealth Fund, n.d. Web. 11 Sept. 2014. Feris, Nancy. â€Å"Electronic Health Record Standards.† Health Affairs. Project Hope, n.d. Web. 11 Sept. 2014.

Miniver Cheevy Essay

In the poem â€Å"Miniver Cheevy† the author emphasizes the problems of the main character. The poem shows Miniver’s desire to have been born in medieval times. His longing is changed to joy when he thinks about this period in history â€Å"The vision of a warrior bold / Would set him dancing. † (Lines 7-8) As the reader becomes acquainted with Miniver, he sees him as a romantic daydreamer with the fantasy of being a knight. He hates the fact he was born in this day and age. He even hates the day he was born, â€Å"He wept that he was ever born, / And he had reasons. (3-4) The author feels that Miniver is torn between reality and fantasy. He knows that Miniver is not satisfied with his life. He describes Miniver as yearning for the past, â€Å"Miniver sighed for what was not, / And dreamed, and rested from his labors; /He dreamed of Thebes and Camelot, /And Priam’s neighbors. † (9-12) The author knows that Miniver wishes to live in medieval times or some other glorious period in history. On the surface, both the characters Richard Cory and Miniver Cheevy seem to be simple and easily understood. However, both are complex individuals with demons that drive them. They are similar in their dissatisfaction with their lives. They are different in the methods that they use to face their dissatisfaction, but both characters have a void in their lives that is the root of their discontent. This void compels them to partake in actions that are detrimental to their lives. Richard attempts to solve his problem when he commits suicide. Evidently his wealth is not fulfilling enough to overcome his inner turmoil. His mannerisms in public portray him as man content with himself and his wealth. In fact, the townspeople long to be like him. In fine – we thought that he was everything/To make us wish that we were in his place† (lines 11-12) His demons overwhelm him, and he is sick of hiding behind the guise of a prosperous man who seems to be content. In the end Richard takes his life and ends his delusion with society. Unlike Richard Cory, Miniver Cheevy, chooses a different route to end his discontent. His soul aches to live in a different time and place. He tries to resolve this pain by detaching himself from reality. He daydreams of a more romantic era and the gallant people who live there. Miniver loved the days of old/ When swords were bright and steeds were prancing†. (5-6) He seems to do most of his daydreaming while drinking. His drinking does not lead to a solution. Instead, his life is a continuous cycle of discomfort and pain that longs for a different life. He attempts to drown this pain with drinking, â€Å"Miniver Cheevy, born too late, /Scratched his head and kept on thinking; /Miniver coughed, and called it fate, /And kept on drinking. † (29-32) Miniver’s problems only get worse. He fuels the fire with his consumption of alcohol, and the cycle begins again.

A View from the Bridge Essay Example for Free (#32)

A View from the Bridge Essay ? Marco is married and has got two children whilst Rodolfo is still single. When, both Catherine and Rodolfo see each other, it is almost like love at first site. Catherine uses flirtatious procedures to convey to the audience that she feels somewhat of him. When she starts using these actions, â€Å"High heels† Eddie does not like this and so sends her back to the room to get changed, â€Å"Do me a favour, will you? Go ahead. † This makes Catherine undergo embarrassment as Rodolfo was at the scene. I would want the audience to observe that both Catherine and Rodolfo have got feelings for each other and that Eddie is in the surroundings being jealous. Due to the relationship between Eddie and Catherine, Beatrice’s relationship is suffering as he is paying attention more towards Catherine then Beatrice. Another crucial scene/turning point in this play is when both, Rodolfo and Catherine are left unaccompanied in the apartment. Whilst in the room, Catherine questions Rodolfo about his motives, in which he is traumatized and was wondering if Eddie thought that too. This is because Eddie warns Catherine that he is after an American citizenship. She asks him, â€Å"Would you still want to do it if it turned out we had to go live in Italy† His reaction was, â€Å"No; I will not marry you in Italy. I want to be a citizen†. At this instant I would want the audience to become conscious that Rodolfo wants to marry Catherine just to be an American Citizen and that they could change their minds later on. Catherine replies to this and says that she does not want to leave Eddie after what he has done for her (Eddie has treated her as a daughter and paid for her to go to extra classes of her interest after leaving high school. ) She makes it sound that Eddie was an ex-lover or ex-husband of her, â€Å"You thinks it’s so easy to turn around and say to a man he’s noting’ to you no more? † As a director I would want the audience to realize that Catherine is aware that she needs to grow up as she gets advice from Beatrice saying, â€Å"Beatrice says to be a woman†. At this point Catherine gets aggravated as she makes it sound as if she has to choose between Rodolfo and Eddie, â€Å"I know him and now I’m supposed to turn around and make a stranger out of him. † She takes in mind what Beatrice suggested to her about being a woman which leads to her having sex with Rodolfo. This is a turning point to the audience and to Catherine. At this turning point I would want the audience to reconsider their views on Rodolfo about wanting to be an American citizen. No one would sleep with a woman and not have feelings for her. The light rises on Eddie. He enters the flat drunk and see’s a glimpse of Catherine adjusting her dress and coming from the bedroom. At this particular moment, Eddie senses what the two have been up to. â€Å"Rodolfo appears in the bedroom doorway. Eddie see’s him and his arm jerks slightly in shock. † He does this action as he wants to hit Rodolfo as he knows what they have been up to and that he is jealous and cannot bear it. He can not handle that Catherine is taking responsible of her own life. When a pause appears, as a director I would want to create tension in the audience as the characters are all hiked up. Shortly after the build up of tension, Eddie switches his actions and tells Rodolfo to â€Å"Pack it up† and â€Å"Get out of here†. Eddie gets dominant over Catherine by grabbing her and stopping her from following Rodolfo to her bedroom. â€Å"She frees her arm,† which indicates her rebelling against him and her wanting his approval. Eddie, at his point is jealous following what Rodolfo and Catherine have been up to and knows that he cannot have her. Soon after there is a sudden breakthrough of Eddies feelings as he, â€Å"reaches out suddenly, draws her to him and as she strives to free himself he kisses her on the mouth. † He kisses her to provoke Rodolfo and to see how she and he react. This all leads to violence in which, â€Å"Rodolfo flies at him in attack†. At this point Eddie kisses Rodolfo to show Catherine he is gay and to show her that Rodolfo did not prevent this from happening. The last crucial scene in this play is the last scene where Eddie gets killed. This consequence was created when Eddie did a very unintelligent thing of phoning the immigration bureau to report the two illegal immigrants, Rodolfo and Marco. He then regrets phoning the bureau up and tells them to move as they moved with more illegal immigrants which had a very violent family. This way Rodolfo and Marco would not get caught and would remain safe whereas the other illegal immigrants wouldn’t. Soon after they decided, they did not have enough time to move, as the officers came to pick Rodolfo and Marco up. Eddie had begged Beatrice to tell them to move and soon after, she had realized what Eddie had done. She turned against Eddie and used harsh language against him, â€Å"He’s a rat. † At this time I would want my audience to turn against Eddie. This then lead to more violence of Eddie getting killed by Marco as he has suffered from his family being without food and money. I would want my audience to feel more sympathy for Marco rather than Rodolfo. The culture of this play is all in relation to a child who grassed his uncle to the immigration bureau seeing that he was an illegal immigrant. The kid was completely beaten up by his family and no-one wanted to know him after what he did. In an Italian family, the families need to be loyal to each other and if something goes wrong outside the family, the Sicilian community requires the law to be taken in hand and that justice should be done. I would want the audience to relate back to this during the last scene and keep this in mind as this is a sort of thing that Eddie had done but the consequences were much worse. If I was directing A View from the Bridge I would want my audience to see that there is a mixed relationship portrayed in this play. This is because of the actions, dialogue and motives used between the two characters. Throughout the play, I would want the audience to change their views on what they thought of the character of Eddie as he did some good quality things however he also did horrific things. The relationship between Eddie and Catherine would have never been further than an uncle and niece. Two relationships between, Eddie and Beatrice and Catherine and Rodolfo both got disturbed due to the actions undertaken by Eddie which affected the characters. I would want my audience to keep on re-evaluating their views on the relationship between Eddie and Catherine as this would make the play more interesting. Coming to the end of the play, the audience would have found out that Eddie did have feelings for Beatrice as his last words were ‘My lovely B’. BY JULAN SHAH Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Arthur Miller section. A View from the Bridge. (2017, Oct 25).

Strategic Human Resources Management Bachelor Essay

Strategic Human Resources Management Bachelor - Essay Example This paper contributes to the work/life balance and work/non-work conflict literature by analyzing the literature of various studies, which examine the attitudes and experiences relating to work/life balance among UK, employees in the first 10 years of their careers. Specifically, the analysis explores the extent to which work/life balance matters, the extent to which it is being achieved and the factors that determine perceptions of work/non-work conflict, including the state of the psychological contract between employer and employee, work involvement and organisational support. The potential impact of work/non-work conflict on organisational commitment is examined, and the policy implications for employers considered. Corporate leaders understand that employees' work and family lives rare inextricably linked. They al ways have been but today, with increased pressures in both domains, the overlap and the challenges created are increasingly obvious and complex to resolve. Solving the paradox seated in an organisation's need to be optimally productive and the individual's need to find quality time to meet domestic responsibilities, to establish, maintain and grow relationships and to relax and re-charge, is the great challenge of the new millennium. Most managers have yet to overcome the conundrum for themselves let alone help employees resolve it in their lives. The prospects for easing the work/ life imbalance dilemma lie, at least in part, in establishing what is creating it. 'Know thy enemy' and so forth. Enemy number one must surely be the 'time distribution imbalance' trap - consistently committing too much time to work where this is having a detrimental impact on personal life. However, the concept of 'work-life balance' means different things to different people, and there are always shades of grey. What is an imbalance to one person is perfectly acceptable to another. In addition, commercial realities cannot be ignored. Somehow, the needs of key customers and/or other stakeholders must be met or they will take their patronage elsewhere. These and the myriad of other related issues are why the problem is so vexed and why many leaders effectively suspend their attempts to solve it. It ends up in the 'too hard' basket. However, given the gravity of the problem and the potential upside that comes with finding a remedy, at some point the issue must come back to the fore. So where to start Most managers agree that a so-called 'quality work environment' reduces the employment stresses that can spill over to staff's personal lives and create distress. The quality work environment bundle might include job characteristics such as work time flexibility, individual responsibility and autonomy, the physical office environment, pay, equity and advancement conditions. Lastly, but certainly not least, the nature of interpersonal relations in the office is very important. For some time, it has been argued that achieving a 'balance' between home life and work life is increasingly a priority for many people. As long ago as the late 1980s, Scase and

What Culture Fears do the Antagonists of Ridley Scott's Alien Movie Review

What Culture Fears do the Antagonists of Ridley Scott's Alien Represent - Movie Review Example The main actors of the film are Sigourney Weaver (Ripley), Tom Skerrit (Dallas), Veronica Catwright (Lambert), John Hurt (Kane), Ian Holm (Ash), Bolaji Badejo (Alien), Yaphet Kotto (Parker) and Harry Dean Station (Brett) (IMBD). The movie holds many symbolic cultural and economic representations of the 1970s essentially through the portrayal of the antagonists. During 1970’s the Feminist movements were wide spread. Women in America were fighting for Equal Rights Amendment in US constitution. Over 1000 people were involved in the Equal Right Amendment Extension march of 1978. In this background Alien shows the gender role reversal in the form of tough female protagonist (Ripley) who finally slays the alien at the end. Again in a scene from the film, Ash refers to the alien creatures as Kane’s son thus implying him to be a mother. The success of the film was due to its embodiment of feminism. During that time in America, sexually transmitted disease was wide spread. It af fected nearly 40% of sexually active individuals of that time. In the movie this issue was also addressed. The Alien was born through the penetration of the host Kane and Ripley made it a point to use quarantine for fear of infection. Ash, the android in the movie signifies the way how technology is getting beyond human control. The movie released a short time after the partial nuclear meltdown at the Three Mile Island nuclear power plant in Pennsylvania and this event changed the way how people viewed this movie. In 1979 America experienced second oil crisis because of disrupted production and Iranian revolution and so there was a continuous oil price increase and there was a fear among the people that there would be no more oil or gasoline left. The movie portrays this fear of the people and shows that the crew’s mission was to bring mineral ore from distant places in the galaxy and to return them to earth (Alien: Film analysis). There are many sexual imageries and connotat ions in the film. Alien  screenwriter Dan O’Bannon spells it out himself: "One thing that people are all disturbed about is sex... I said 'That's how I'm going to attack the audience; I'm going to attack them sexually. And I'm not going to go after the women in the audience, I'm going to attack the men. I am going to put in every image I can think of to make the men in the audience cross their legs. Homosexual oral rape, birth. The thing lays its eggs down your throat, the whole number† (Dietle). The human crew members who invaded the alien ship are in effect the ‘man sized sperm crawling’ through it. The birth of the alien holds another story. The filmmakers presented the birth in a violent manner and it was representing the men’s ignorant ideas about pregnancy and birth (Dietle). Alien is not just a sci-fi monster movie. The distinct part of Alien is the way in which the alien encounter is destabilized by an inclusion of provoking themes like hig h technology and human sexuality. James H. Kavanagh interpreted the film within a Marxist framework. Judith Newton has reappraised the film in the light of contemporary feminist discourse and Barbara Creed had applied Freudian concepts of sexuality to it (Pimley, 3). Although the film employs a familiar and traditional scenario, the themes of technology and sexuality explored in Alien anticipate the new wave, displaying a newfound interest and concern for the human body that would become a defining feature of 1980s science fiction. It was to be a decade during which the boundaries

Strategic Marketing Plan Bellway Plc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Strategic Marketing Plan Bellway Plc - Essay Example The construction division was even able to showcase an operating profit of 13.7m as well. This indicates that situation might not be as bad as it appears. In fact if we take a look at the developments of past couple of years, it appears amply clears that the levels of profit margin which used to be the trademark of this industry are no more available to the industry. Increasing levels of competition, more assertive consumers, increasing emphasis on quality, strict norms for deadline adherence, dynamic nature of business proposition etc are some of the factors which have led to the shrinking of profit margins in the industry. Pettinger (1998) also underlined the fact that the industry is now increasingly being dominated by client groups and peer pressure with too many contractors chasing too little work in the industry. The trend coupled with indications of imminent recession has become a cause of worry for the industry. Gilmore and Jordan (2008) also reported that the construction sector in UK has slumped to new lows with deteriorating conditions in the housing market. As the construction sector comprises of 6 percent of British econo my, and if this significant sector is not able to contribute its bit towards nation's economy, then the country's economy will also come under pressure. Therefore under the circumstances the construction companies are supposed to tread a cautions path with well planned strategic moves. This study is an effort to chalk out a course of action for Bellway Plc under the prevailing circumstances. Well, the times are indeed quite uncertain and nobody knows how things are going to shape up in the next 6-12 months, which in turn calls for planning with short term moves. Such a move might be suitable for a corner shop or for a small scale enterprise, but for a company with a successful track record of operation for last more than 50 years, planning exclusively for short term gains might not be a wise move from a long term perspective. While devising a marketing plan for Bellway Plc for the coming years, we need to think about two broad strategies; i. How Bellway will take on the competition ii. How the company will remain in business with prevailing recessionary trends iii. How the day to day operations will be executed to supplement the marketing plan. A marketing plan for Bellway Plc forms an integral part of its broader business plan implying in words and numbers how, where and to whom Bellway proposes to offer its services to its existing as well as prospective customer under the highly challenging circumstances. This paper is an effort to outline the company's approach not only in attracting potential customer, but also in convincing the existing customers to remain with the company for their future needs as well. In general the components of a marketing plan may include: 1. Terms of Reference: Bellway requires a feel of the market, particularly after the recessionary trends have started showing signs of serious nature with impact on the overall economy. Though the major area of operation of Bellway Plc is UK only and it doesn't have big stakes in the international arena. But the impact of international markets and economic conditions in other countries will certainly have an impact on the UK economy, which in turn will affect the profitability of the company. Therefore, while analysing the domestic market, analysing the global cues is equally important. 2. Executive Summary:

Leadership and its views in football Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Leadership and its views in football - Essay Example Starting from the developing a team, training, developing strategies, executing those in the field all depends on the manager. Thus, success or failure of the team also considered as the responsibility of the manager. According to the report of Barnes (2013), in the EPL (English premier league), the role of the manager is very important. Being considered as the toughest and most competitive football league of the world, team managers play an important role in the success or failure of the team. Signing new footballer, coaching them, developing team strategies-all depends on the manager. In his review, he cited the example of Paolo Di Canio-manager of the Sunderland football club. According to the report of British media, his enthusiasm was the key behind the success of the Sunderland football club, as they were able to retain their position in the premier league after a horrible start. In his report he pointed out the fact that it is not necessary that only the change in managers bri ngs about the good result. It is nothing to do with the change but it is a trend of event which may happen no matter whether club has change the manager or not. In his word, changing manager may give good result for a game or two, in short for a shorter period of time, but that does not means it will give continuous good result. According to his view, â€Å"it s a misleading statistic because not changing the manager would have had the same result†. He cited the example of Aston Villa in the EPL, where they also have facing the threat of relegation like Sunderland, but they did not change their manager. The result of the first 5 games of Sunderland after changing manager and Aston Villa without changing the manager was same: 2 wins, 1... The essay goes though 5 different phases of an employmet cycles. These are recruitment/selection, induction, managing the performance, controlling different level of performance and workforce planning/role or job analysis-job redesign. Being a manger one has to look up to all these parameters and control the performance of his or her team members. At the end, manager has to carry the responsibility of both success or failure of the team as he or she is the leader of the group. (p.4). Being the leader of the group or the team, managers have the responsibility of both success and failures. In any organization or any sports managers have a key role to play.b Thus, success or failure of the team also considered as the responsibility of the manager. Then, we see the issues in the essay. There are several causes and consequences associated with the dismissal of the manager. All across the globe, the performance of any team is the only parameter by which any manager’s work is being r eviewed. Same is applicable for any organization also. Being the manager of the group or at the top of the organization performance is the only parameter. In conclusion, we get more information on the football manager's profession. According to the review of Markham (2012), in the game of football managers used to get sacked or fired due to 3 main reasons. These are: 1) Poor on-field performance. 2) Breakdown in relations with club directors/owners and 3) Increasing pressure from the supporters and media for delivering better result.

Organization change Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Organization change - Assignment Example Employees will follow the guidance of a leader they believe in. Getting the respect of the employees is important in order to gain their trust. A leader must have superb communication skills to facilitate the change process in an organization. Often change requires that the employees gain new skills and capabilities to be able to handle the work challenges. The manager of a company can facilitate change by providing the employees of the firm with training and development opportunities. The use of training and development can help the employees accept change because the employees become better prepared. A technique that can be used to implement training and development faster at a lower cost is online training. Another technique that can be utilized to facilitate change at an organization is the use of intrinsic and extrinsic rewards. To motivate the employees to achieve greater production the company can offer financial rewards to the employees. It is important to demonstrate to the employees that the company cares about their work-life balance. The use of flexible time is a way to change the operations of an enterprise to allow the employees to be able to better meet their family responsibilities. Change can also be enha nced at a company through the implementation of teamwork. Teamwork enhances the leadership and communication abilities of the employees and it offers the workers a new dynamic work environment. Teamwork has become a critical success factor in the work environment of the 21st century. The employees of a company can also get involved in the change process of the organization. The managers must keep the lines of communication open with the employees at all times. A way for the workers to get involved in the change process is through the implementation of a feedback system. Sometimes the employees are intimidated by the managers and they do not feel comfortable giving feedback. Implementing

Loyalty Program of the Apple Inc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Loyalty Program of the Apple Inc - Essay Example The company that is the subject of this research is Apple Inc., an American-based company operating in various countries, headquartered in the state if California. The company specializes in the designing, developing and sale of electronics including software, personal computers, and cell phones. In addition, the company offers other services and products including Smartphones, tablets, web browsers to name but a few. As of the year 2014, Apple offered permanent jobs to over 72,000 people, and its profit for same year stood at a whopping $182 billion. Some of the competitors Apple faces include Samsung, Nokia, and Microsoft among others, all of whom offer either part of the similar services or the same as Apple. When it comes to the company’s loyalty program, Apple Inc. has been noted to have a strict one where a majority of the customers hardly qualify for it. According to Meyer-Waarden, Apple’s customers are expected to spend a considerable amount of money for them to qualify for the company’s loyalty program. Sadly, many of them do not hit the target thus keep missing the goodies the company offers. Even though the company has recently announced an adjustment to its loyalty program requirements, it is still hard for many consumers to reach the target. For instance, Apple recently announced that any school intending to have its classrooms filled with the Mac computers would indeed enjoy a discount. Such institutions will enjoy a discount of 6% to 8% when the purchases are made from the company. From the above findings, it is clear that Apple’s loyalty program is wanting, and requires improvement since there are other competitors who could capitalize on this weakness. While Apple has continued to offer still competition to other players in the industry, its loyalty program requires measures to make sure customers are retained.

Changes in Prisons in Twentieth Century in Britain Essay Example for Free

Changes in Prisons in Twentieth Century in Britain Essay In 20th century a lot of important changes was made in Britain prison system. A lot of crucial moves in this matter were made, which made changes to the system, and create the current system in prisons. A lot of reports and changes plans were made in this crucial for the matter period. The beginning for this period was made in 1895 with Gladstone report, which was highly critical of the current penal policy. It criticised existing regimes for crushing self respect and starving all moral instinct. The report argued that reformation should coexist with deterrence and that rehabilitation should be given priority. Victorians focused upon repression and punishment. They used inflexible and punitive methods of control. Gladstone felt these should be replaced with more scientific methods of treatment. In addition, prison commissioners for the first time in 1898, defined the purpose of prison as the humanisation of the individual1. Sir Evelyn Ruggles-Brise insisted that each man convicted of crime is to be regarded as an individual, as a separate entity of morality, who by the application of influences, of discipline, labour, education, moral and religious, backed up on discharge by a well organised system of patronage is capable of reinstatement in civic life2. Weiner (1990) stated, It is now recognised that primitive measures alone are not corrective, and effective reformation of criminals can only be attained by making our prisons true schools and moral hospitals. Forsythe (1991) argues that new projects often fell short of the claims made for them. He says that in particular, the local and convict prisons clung tenaciously to the concepts of measured punishment, moral culpability, limited deterrence and uniformly administered discipline. It is a fact that the process of reform was often slow and not al all easy to perceive. From 1900 onwards a number of radical changes were made to the standard prison regime: 1) Unproductive labour was officially abandoned and replaced by prison industries and work considered useful, 2) The separate system was gradually eroded, allowing prisoners to work in association, 3) Education was increased and improved, 4) Internal discipline was maintained through a reward/punishment system related to the introduction of remission, 5) Specialists such as psychologists were appointed, 6) Prisoner categorisation was extended, 7) The Borstal system was introduced for juveniles, 8) A commitment to reformation became enshrined in the Prison Rule that stipulated that the purpose of imprisonment was to encourage prisoners to lead a good and useful life3, 9) During the 1930s the treadmill and arrows on convict uniforms were abolished. According to Garland (1985) the most radical reforms of this era took place outside of the prison system: 1) The introduction of the probation service, 2) Alternatives to custody emerged, 3) Construction of specialist institutions4. Garland views these major transformations as the beginnings of our current practice. Garland prefers to talk of developments in a whole realm of penality rather than prison reform5. Additionally, in 1908 Borstals6 were put on a statutory footing implemented by Herbert Gladstone. The name Borstal comes from the village in Kent where the first Borstal scheme got its first full-scale trial. Borstals took English public schools as their model and their sentences were indeterminate. Criminals aged between 16 21 could be sent to Borstal for between one and three years. The prison Commission could release on licence at any time after six months (or three months for girls) and could also recall for misbehaviour. Borstal faltered after 1945 really because success rates were measured by reconviction rates. 1982 the administration of Margaret Thatcher formally abolished the Borstal and replaced it with the Youth Custody Centre with determinate sentences of imprisonment. Paterson7 replaced military type training with delegated authority and encouragement of personal responsibility. Staffs wore civilian clothing and were encouraged to get to know the lads personally considered revolutionary in the 1920s. The Borstal notion of training prisoners through personal relations, trust and responsibility gradually had an impact on the prison system as a whole. Two borstal elements were transplanted into the adult system with long lasting effects: 1. 1936 the first minimum-security (open) prison was established at New Hall, near Wakefield. 2. The housemaster was renamed assistant governor. The post war developments where about the Easier bail, Probation, Time to pay fines, a reduction in time to be served for a partial payment of fines, Reformatories for juveniles, Curtailment of imprisonment for debt and, More facilities for the insane and for habitual drunkards. In 1928 the then Home Secretary had described Dartmoor convict prison as the cesspool of English humanity I suppose there must be some residuum which no training or help will ever improve8. Furthermore in 1948 Paterson and his colleagues framed Criminal justice Act. This was a highly influential piece of legislation. Borstal had represented the opposite view and resurrected the possibility of reformatory prison. Borstals and Detention Centres began to lose favour: neither for deterrence or reform was the short sentence acceptable. This is one of the elements in the English prison-crowding crisis which became acute in the 1970s and 1980s and with which the country is still wrestling. Deterrence Youth prisons known as Detention Centres were intended to subject boys (and half-heartedly, girls) who were thought to be on the verge of a custodial career to a last chance short, sharp, shock. Separate institutions for pre trial prisoners were planned but never created: these would be custodial but non-penal institutions. Due to the war, there were no funds and little sympathy for unconvinced detainees. McConville states that thick skins and short purses ever since have ensured that English pre trial prisoners were treated worse than they were for virtually all of Victorias reign and much worse than their fellows who were convicted and sentenced. The 1960s and early 1970s are seen as the beginning of the crisis years with British prisons. At last we can refer to System of Concentration. Mountbatten referred to the obvious advantages of an island prison holding all prisoners who posed a threat. A new prison was to be built on the Isle of Wight. This was rejected and the dispersal system became the preferred way of housing inmates. Since early 1966 new measurements of security have been implemented in selected prisons. Between 1969 and 1979 the prison service went through a number of riots. 70s and 80s dogged with accusations of brutality and violence directed at prisoners from the prison staff. Serious disturbances and riots had occurred in maximum-security prisons, which had led to reprisals against prisoners. British riots occurred within the new dispersal system: Parkhurst 1969, Albany 1971 1972, Gartree 1972, Hull 1976, and Gartree 1978. Hull riot will go down in history, as it was the prison staff who were ultimately tried and convicted. Special control units were introduced after the Gartree riot of 1972 for troublemakers over and above the existing segregation units. 1970s represent the years when reform and treatment had dwindled away and the whole prison system ran on the notion that nothing works. By 1978 both the courts and the prisons were in danger of serious collapse. Industrial relations were poor with prison staff. May Committee 1979 reported as a response to the previous troubled decade. They explored the issues of what the aim of imprisonment was; they agreed that the rhetoric of treatment and training had had its day. Finally, King and Morgan proposed the term humane containment: 1. Minimum use of custody 2. Minimum use of security 3. Normalisation. The current organisation of the prison system is heavily influenced by past practice. This has shaped the system that we now have today. So, it is difficult to assess progress of 20th Century. Harsh and punitive experience of prison overrides any idea of progressive treatment. Biggest rises can be seen from 1974 onwards. It is a fact that this matter is very important and serious for the society and has to be developed according to the needs of the society according to its progress at times. BIBLIOGRAPHY: 1. Goffman, E. (1961) Asylums, Essays on the Social Situation of Mental Patients and Other Inmates. Harmondsworth 2. Jones, K. (1993) Asylums and After: A Revised History of the Mental Health Services from the Early Eighteenth Century to the 1990s. 3. Morris, N and Rothman, D.J (eds). (1995) The Oxford History of the Prison. Oxford University Press. 4. Porter, R. (2002) Madness: A Brief History. Oxford University Press. 1 Weiner, 1990. 2 Ruggles-Brise quoted in Garland 1985. 3 Prison Rule 6 in 1949 but Prison Rule 1 since 1964. 4 such as Borstal where principles of rehabilitation were initiated. 5 the prison was decentred, shifted from its position as the central and predominant sanction to become one institution among many in an extended grid of penal sanctions. Of course it continued to be of major importance, but it was now deployed in a different manner, for a narrower section of the criminal population and often as a back up sanction for other institutions, rather than a place of first resort. 6 The Borstal System. 7 Alexander Paterson. 8 Sir William Joynson-Hicks.

Issue of Urban Sprawl in Regina

Issue of Urban Sprawl in Regina Ryan Boychuk Urban Issue of Urban Sprawl in Regina Introduction Urban Sprawl continues to be the trend of city growth in Canada. In the city of Regina, urban sprawl is a problem that needs to be addressed among the city planners. Negative effects of urban sprawl include, but are not limited to, increase in public expenditure, auto reliance, health, environment and social living. The purpose of this paper is to offer an empirical investigation of the factors proposed as generators of urban sprawl. The Auto Eccentric City Many believe as Salingaros (2006, p. 114) that, Sprawl exists only because it is an outgrowth of car activities. Thus, the focus here is on how auto reliance contributes to sprawl in Canada. Regina, like many other Canadian cities, is a very auto eccentric city. Sprawling communities are a major contributor to climate change and air pollution, in part because they require so much automotive transportation, which is heavily dependent on energy consumption from fossil fuels, the biggest source of greenhouse gases. Since 2005 Canadian vehicles have contributed to approximately 170Mt in C02 emissions. This number is due to the sheer amount of people in Canada that rely on vehicles to go virtually everywhere. According to data from the General Social Survey (GSS) on time use, the proportion of people aged 18 and over who went everywhere by car as either a driver or a passenger rose from 68% in 1992, to 70% in 1998 and then 74% in 2005. This rising trend in auto culture inadvertently cause s a push for more roads, more suburbs, successfully created more urban sprawl. As Regina continues to grow outwards and push for suburban development city plans are contributing to this ever growing traffic problem,. Not only is this detrimental to the environment but the lifestyle itself is unsustainable. The excessive use of fossil fuels in this auto reliant culture will eventually cause many irreversible problems in the future. The Increase of Public Expenditure The debate over the base tax proposal has revealed that Regina is a deeply divided city. The building industry, real estate interests, business organizations and people living in more expensive homes pushed the city council to impose a $400 base tax on residential property. The base tax would have shifted some of the burden of property taxation from those in the new suburban areas to homeowners who live in the older areas of Regina and have lower valued property. Low density development in outlying areas requires much higher expenditures on infrastructure and services, and this leads to reduced spending in the older city areas. Regina is following the pattern. Inner City Decline Christopher Leo of the University of Winnipeg has studied the problem of inner city decline and how the city is affected by this process. When a metropolitan area is divided into neighborhoods where poverty predominates and others were comfortable circumstances are the rule, it is inevitable that there will be a concentration of social problems in the poor areas. And where social problems predominate, lawlessness follows. Increasing crime and growing poverty lead to the decay of some downtown neighbourhoods. The neighbourhood profiles for Regina prepared by city staff using 1996 census figures highlight the effects of local urban sprawl development. For the city as a whole, household income averaged $45,000; for the central zone, it was only $29,000 and lower still in the Core and North Central areas. For the city as a whole, only 35% of homes were rented compared to 59% in the Central Zone and 71% in the Core area. Single parent families and Aboriginal people are much more likely to be found in the Central zone neighborhoods. To present date, little has been accomplished in combating this issue at hand. Gang violence has been a problem that the residents of North Central Regina have been constantly at arms with. According to a 2005 study done by the Criminal Intelligence Service Saskatchewan, there are approximately 500 gang members and associates operating out of Regina, Saskatoon and Prince Albert. Not only is the economic viability and safety of the community threatened, but also the residents are left feeling alienated. People living in these areas feel afraid to leave their houses, go to the park or even participate in community reinforcement activities. The NCCA is currently trying to get it’s funding to bring back the RAGS program and hopefully reduce gang violence in Regina. Rise of The Box Store James Howard Kunstler argues in The Geography of Nowhere that the box store is a form of corporate colonialism, going into distant places and strip-mining them culturally and economically†. Economist Tom Muellers studies found that 84% of Wal-Marts sales came from other businesses. For every two jobs created in a warehouse store, three are lost. They dont buy from local manufacturers or producers but larger national firms. Dairyland Foods, our prairie farmer-owned co-operative, recently sold out to Saputo Inc., a large private firm. Dairy farmers were told that if they did not get bigger and faster they would lose access to the national grocery retailers. The most widely-cited study of the box store phenomenon was done by Ken Stone. Ken was an economics professor at Iowa State University and he monitored the impact of Wal-Mart on Iowa between 1983 and 1993. The state lost 555 grocery stores, 298 hardware stores, 293 building suppliers, 269 clothing stores, 161 variety stores, 1 53 shoe stores, and 116 drug stores. A total of 7,326 businesses went under.10 It’s hard to see the positivity in light of this box store epidemic. This was a shocking number for me but taking a drive down victoria you can see this as an evident problem in regina. These stores do not only pose a threat economically but also culturally. Cities characters have been stripped as there unique local business have been outmatched. This in turn has created a very Dull homogenized atmosphere within Regina and cities in other areas of the world. The Effects on Health Sprawl affects us in surprising ways. It cuts into our precious free time and contributes to expanding our waistlines. A commuter who drives just one hour each day spends the equivalent of nine working weeks a year in a car. Researchers have found that people living in sprawling suburbs spend less time walking and weigh up to six pounds more than those living in pedestrian-friendly neighborhoods. According to Ontario College of Family Physicians, there are five main health effects due to urban sprawl. These effects of urban sprawl are as follows, Commuting and driver stress, loss of natural environment, loss of social capital, loss of community and negative effects towards childhood development. †In these spread-out communities, homes are separated from schools, workplaces, stores and services, forcing people to drive virtually everywhere. More time driving means less time with family and friends, less time for oneself, and less time to engage in community activities. 1 Research shows that urban sprawl commuters spend 3 to 4 times more hours driving than individuals living in well-planned, dense communities.† 2 Those extra hours that we spend driving in cities such as Regina contribute to more back pain, cardiovascular disease, arthritis, asthma, headaches and stress. There is also research stating that traffic congestion also has adverse effects on ones blood pressure, mood frustration tolerance, illness frequency, work absences, job stability, and overall life satisfaction. Taking all this into account you can see that these additional stresses on our lives can contribute to depression, home abuse and many other damaging social problems prevalent in our society. â€Å"Thousands of pedestrians and drivers die every year in North America. The anguish and emotional scarring caused by the death of a loved one, permanent disabilities and related pain and suffering greatly impacts at every level of our social structure. 14% of traffic accident survivors have Post Traumatic Stress Disorder 10 and 25% have psychiatric problems one year after an accident.† 2 Road rage is one example of mental health stress related to driving that has received considerable attention in recent years. Road rage is characterized by violent disputes between drivers that sometime causes serious injuries or even death; often road rage involves people who are not usually violent. The two primary causes for aggressive driving are being rushed or behind schedule, and increased congestion and traffic. Road rage also contributes to higher percentage of accidents as drivers tend to make poor decisions in a heightened mood. Walking or biking are not only healthier alternatives in terms of physique and stress relief but are also generally safer in biker friendly areas. Unfortunately, there is usually little emphasis on walking and biking services in car culture. Environmental Decline The environment that we live in affects our health in both negative and positive ways. Animals, plants, landscapes and wilderness all have a tremendous impact on human well-being, as humans are innately attracted to other living organisms. Positive effects of the natural environment have been documented and include improved social and cognitive functioning, and decreased violence.A study done in Chicago found that people who live in buildings surrounded by greenspace have a stronger sense of community, better relationships with neighbours and less heated domestic conflicts.1 Impact on Social aspects Research today is beginning to gather undeniable evidence that cons of Urban communities definitely outweigh the benefits. Over the past half-century, many writers have addressed the isolating effect of low-density suburban development. The use of vehicles does not encourage the same level of social interaction that could exist if residents met each other on the street (Katz and Bradley 1999). Suburban residents are also less likely to take on additional community responsibilities due to increased commuting times (Putnam 2000). Some writers have gone as far as suggesting that the most common interaction between neighbours in suburbia is through the blinking turn signals on their cars (Holtz Kay 1997). Simply put, low-density suburban developments do not foster the same level of social interaction as dense, walkable, neighbourhoods.2 Regina’s policies to Improve Infrastructure Green Field Development Urban sprawl and greenfield development share only one common trait they both occur on the outskirts of urban areas. Unlike urban sprawl, where there is little or no suburban planning, greenfield development is about efficient urban planning that aims to provide practical, affordable and sustainable living spaces for growing urban populations. The planning takes future growth and development into account as well as seeks to avoid the various infrastructure issues that plague existing urban areas. Regina is currently in a process to formulate the City’s Official Community Plan (OCP), which will shape the way future growth will unfold. The public consultation process, Design Regina, that accompanies the new plan is such a great idea. We all need to be involved in the conversation about the future of our city. Citizens, Community Developers, Builders and Public Officials all need to be engaged in this process. In 2013 The province of Saskatchewan approved the new Official communi ty plan, entitled design Regina and replaced the Regina Development Plan on December 2013. In this Plan they recognized the need for complete communities,thats is, communities that provide all necessary recreational, social and consumer need within close proximity to residential areas.6 â€Å"While the diversity of housing that has entered the market in the past few years has helped to improve housing choice based on location and housing preference, there is still a greater need for residential development in proximity to services and amenities to create complete communities. Similarly, the development of below market and affordable units in greenfield areas creates challenges due to a lack of nearby services resulting in increased transportation costs to meet a household’s everyday needs.† 3 Design Regina In the official city document for the cities future there seems to be many goals aiming towards greener, more pedestrian friendly cities. According to the document, we have have had improvement overall for affordable housing in Regina. They are also making strides to address the increasing homeless population. â€Å"The Cold Weather Strategy is a partnership program with the Ministry of Social Services and service providers to Regina’s homeless population, including shelters, emergency service agencies, the City, and health services. The purpose is to ensure services work together so no one is without a safe place to sleep on cold nights in Regina.† 3 There are also plans to increase housing diversity within the city to grant people more affordable housing that is still within city limits. With this plan we may see more development near inner city areas effectively breathing new life into otherwise stagnant areas. Works Cited 1 Kuo, F., and Sullivan, W., (2001). â€Å"Environment and Crime in the Inner City: Does Vegetation Reduce Crime?† Environ. Behav. 33, pp 343 – 367. 2 SPRAWL, U. Social Mental Health Ontario College of Family Physicians. 2013. http://ocfp.on.ca/docs/committee-documents/urban-sprawlvolume-4social-and-mental-health.pdf?sfvrsn=5> 3 Design Regina. 2011. 9 Apr. 2015 http://www.designregina.ca/> 4 Canadas Emissions Trends 2013. 2015. 9 Apr. 2015 https://www.ec.gc.ca/ges-ghg/985F05FB-4744-4269-8C1A-D443F8A86814/1001-Canadas%20Emissions%20Trends%202013_e.pdf> 5 GUIDE, ACS. Understanding Sprawl David Suzuki Foundation. 2010. http://www.davidsuzuki.org/publications/downloads/2003/Understanding_Sprawl.pdf> 6 Dont Confuse Greenfield Development with Urban Sprawl 2013. 9 Apr. 2015 http://reginahomebuilders.com/news/view/20> 7 Discourage Urban Sprawl David Suzuki Foundation. 2010. 9 Apr. 2015 http://www.davidsuzuki.org/what-you-can-do/reduce-your-carbon-footprint/discourage-urban-sprawl/> 8 Causes and Effects of Urban Sprawl Conserve Energy Future. 2013. 9 Apr. 2015 http://www.conserve-energy-future.com/causes-and-effects-of-urban-sprawl.php> 9 Gang Culture in Regina and Saskatchewan | The Carillon. 2013. 9 Apr. 2015 http://www.carillonregina.com/gang-culture-in-regina-and-saskatchewan/> 10 Urban sprawl development in Regina, Canada and the 2005. 9 Apr. 2015 http://www.johnwarnock.ca/sprawldevelopment.html>

The Empty pillow :: essays research papers

Using the theory of reason action-Fishbein and applying it on a 5 min. scene of the movie by: AlomaniQ8 THE EMPTY PILLOW This is a love story that it’s events occur, in Egypt, in the fifties, where there were strict traditions about love between non married lovers, and where the word of the parents rules the lives of their sons and daughters. In that movie, a young man (salah) who is still a student falls in love with a beautiful girl (Sameha), whom she is also an eighteen years old student, they are both college students, that get supported by their families. The scene begins, when Salah asks his father that he wants to be married, but his father laughs, and asks him if he is able to support himself or her. Salah’s father suggested that he should wait until he graduates and gets a job, so he could marry her. Salah refuses, saying that she would get married to someone else, and her parents will not wait for me until I graduate. Unfortunately a doctor proposes to her an d asks her hand to be his wife. Sameha’s father and mother agree instantly, without giving Sameha any notice, only thinking of the position and the how they would guarantee a wonderful future for their daughter with this doctor, adding that he is a very nice man and have great reputation. Sameha says that she is young to be married, and disagree. Sameha’s father say’s â€Å"no doughtier of mine argues with me in such matters, you will do as I say† Consequently, Sameha stop arguing. And shows yielding. She think about the hard time choosing between the two, the one she loves! or the fine rich physician, which her parents ergs her to marry. In order to prevent the marriage, Salah meets her in the desert where they used to meet. He starts convincing her to run a way with him. Sameha refuses, saying that her parents might have a heart attack, then she will not forgive herself. Salah remembers, what one of his friends suggested to him, and that he should rape her, and in this way she would be his according to the traditions. Consequently he tries to do so. She cries and begs him to let her go. But he refuses, until he notices the ring that she is still wearing, which he brought to her as a token of their love.

Destiny, Fate and Free Will in Homers Odyssey :: Homer, Odyssey Essays

Fate and Free Will in Homer's Odyssey When we look at Greek Mythology we often run into the gods of that era. Sometimes they are merely backdrops to the human element of the story but in stories such as The Odyssey the gods play a prominent if not vital role to the central themes of the story. Fate has a place in the Greek world but its place is not the same as it is in other scenarios or worlds. It is important to understand the word before we discuss it. Fate as far as Greek mythology goes is not just fate. By most standards fate means that things occur for an unknown reason that no one has any control over. However, in the world of Greek Mythology fate does not just happen. The gods engineer fate and they interfere to make things happen that might not otherwise have happened. Since the players do not always know of the gods' involvement, things may actually appear to be fate but in reality be engineered happenings. Â  Free will on the other hand is not engineered. It speaks to the concept of having full authority over one's aspirations and ultimate direction. The key there is "ultimate." The gods can make up the plan and choose the path, but the people had to walk it. Therefore, fate and free will are not mutually exclusive and they both go on throughout The Odyssey. In The Odyssey life is one's own responsibility; instead of leaving all things up to fate, the characters had a significant influence upon his or her own existence. In The Odyssey the gods are responsible for controlling many aspects of where the story goes, but the people still have to choose to go. The gods in The Odyssey are who held Odysseus captive for over eight years. They were responsible for his capture in the first place and then refused to let him go for almost a decade. When they finally decided he should be allowed to find his way home they made it known to his captor Kalypso. However Odysseus still had to choose to leave. Kalypso tried to keep him by offering immortality. "You would stay here, and guard this house, and be immortal" (Homer 267). Odysseus could have stayed but he chose to go. Some say that the gods knew Odysseus would not stay and that is why they decided to let him go.

The Influence of Sigmund Freud on Society Essay -- Essays Papers Sigmu

The Influence of Sigmund Freud on Society The late nineteenth century marked a number of radical developments on science, art, and philosophy. Although the lives of humans used to be constantly at the mercy of nature, during this time, humans began harnessing its power and eventually started controlling it. A sudden urge to look beyond the surface of things became widespread. Sigmund Freud looked beyond the effects of behavior and explored the unconscious. He significantly changed the way the world viewed behavior by explaining certain levels of consciousness, the components of the unconscious mind, and different developmental phases. Sigmund, son of Amalia and Jacob Freud, was born on May 6, 1856 in Freiburg, a rural town which was then a part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. A confused child, he experienced extreme love, desire, and hate which ultimately inspired him to study human development. School consumed virtually all of Freud's time until he graduated from the University of Vienna in 1881, with a degree in medicine (Stevenson). Freud began experimenting with hypnosis and asking his patients to freely speak while being hypnotized. In this he discovered the existence of an unconscious. Freud referred to this as "free association" and soon began using it with patients who were not hypnotized but merely in a relaxed state. While his patients spoke he found their unconscious minds were releasing memories, sometimes painful ones, that had been trapped within their minds since childhood. He called this uncovering of memories psychoanalysis (Myers 420). In his experimentation with the unconscious mind, Freud discovered three levels of consciousness. The first is consciousness. This i... ...sible to find clear solutions to problems without blaming people. These and other discoveries of Freud's changed the world in many ways. It was then possible to understand the origin of behavior and how to change it. Psychoanalysis opened doors to the unconscious mind and gave reasons for certain behavior. The work of Sigmund Freud was only a small portion of the gradual control over nature that humans began possessing at the turn of the century, yet in the world of psychology this was quite a large step. Works Cited - Myers, David G. Psychology. Holland: Worth Publishers, 1998. "Sigmund Freud" <http://oldsci.eiu.edu/psychology/Spensor/Freud.html> (31 March 1998). - Stevenson, David B. "Sigmund Freud: The Father of Psychoanalysis." http://www.stg.brown.edu/projects/...dow/HTatBrown/freud/Biography.html> (31 March 1998).

Life’s Little Lesson: Smash Your Car Essay

Life, for me, has always been filled with different twists and turns. Some were forgotten, while others have remained fresh in our memories. One of these memories that made me look at life differently, and cherish what I have, was my brand new car. I got my car for forty seven thousand dollars, just two weeks ago. I worked really hard, and I know that I deserve my car. However, an incident happened, making my car a total mess.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It happened on a chilly November morning. I was driving carefully in my brand new car, feeling really proud of myself for being able to reap the fruits of my labor. My girlfriend,   was with me, who kept on asking me to have her three friends brought home after her birthday party. The continuous nagging was irritating me, and I was beginning to lose my temper. I was mad, and little did I know, that I was actually losing focus of how I was driving.   I began to enclose myself in a bubble, where I could not hear anything else.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Soon, I found myself driving straight ahead, with accelerated speed. Consequently, my car suddenly â€Å"jumped† and went on rolling towards the side of the road. It was a good thing that I did not hit any other cars, nor did I involve anyone else in the incident.  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Furthermore, people who drove by were not aware that an accident had happened, for we have fallen in the ditch. Nevertheless, it was a good thing that none of my friends were hurt, or injured during the said incident. Since the car was in an awkward position, we had to climb out of the car through the passenger seat; the doors were jammed and it would be impossible for us to go out of the car through the door, clear of debris.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   All were safe, and I was thankful that none of us were hurt. The only thing that bothered me was the site of my car: it was a total mess. There was smoke coming from the hood, and some of the glass windows were shattered, so some were scattered on the floor. I felt disappointed because all of my hard work was put into waste. Then I began to realize that it was a miracle that all of us were alive, and none were injured during the said accident.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As I look back and recall the incident, I become thankful of the wonderful things that have been bestowed on me; how the gift of life served as a miracle from my end. I was astounded by the mere sight of my lifeless car, and how difficult it might have been for me if someone else was involved in the crash. I learned to appreciate life better, with the goal of living my life to the fullest. I wanted to be a better individual, whom parents can be proud of.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Moreover, I realized that life is indeed a blessing; not everyone were given the chance to survive such a similar incident. I was saved from what might have been, my final destination. I was given the chance to actually think, and relive my life so that I can be a better, both in my personal and professional life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As I move forward and live a simple life, I look back and cherish the moments when   my life was almost at its end. I am definitely a new and better person-because of my totally wrecked car. Works Cited Surname of Professor, First Name. â€Å"ENC 1101 Writing A Reflection Paper.† Date of   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Publication/Usage:Number of Pages. Ellis, Barbara L. How to Write Themes and Term Papers (How to Write Successfully in High   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   School and College. Barron’s Educational Series, 1989. Hall, George M. How to Write   a Paper, 3rd Edition. Wiley-Blackwell, 2003. James, Neil. Writing at Work: How to Write Clearly, Effectively and Professionally. Allen &   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Unwin, 2008. Pattison, Darcy. Paper Lighting: Prewriting Activities That Spark Creativity and Help   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Students Write Effectively. Cottonwood Pres, Inc., 2008. Rhodes, Richard. How to Write: Advice and Reflections. Harper Paperbacks, 1996. Will-Harris, Daniel. â€Å"How To Write Effective Text.† Retrieved 22 May, 2008   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   .

US Foreclosures Feasibility Project

The dependent variable, U. S. Foreclosures Filings, is used in the cause and affect relationship presented wrought the project. The following independent variables will be used to determine the most significant factor in U. S. Foreclosure filings. This data is collected every month from more than 2,200 countless by [email  protected] Realty'[email  protected] compiles this nationwide data and reports a count of the total number of properties with at least one foreclosure filing reported. Primary Independent Variable: a.Rising Unemployment Rising unemployment rates is the primary Independent variable because I believe that as the national employment rate continues to rise so will the number of foreclosure filings. The data used to represent the relationship was provided by the Bureau of Labor Statistics and collected monthly. The first resource that solidifies my belief comes from commoner. Com. Less Christie describes in the article, â€Å"Mounting Job Losses Fueling Foreclosure s,† the correlation between unemployment rates and the rise In U.S. Foreclosures. He explains that the more individuals lose their jobs the more the delinquency trend will continue. (Christie, 2008) In the article, â€Å"2008 Foreclosure Filings Set Record,† Stephanie Armor recognizes the relationship between Job loss and foreclosure lings. She clarifies that even though Interest rates decreased, the number of those filing for foreclosure continued to rise between 2007 and 2008 resulting in an 81% increase.The former federal deputy Housing Commissioner under President Clinton is quoted saying, â€Å"with foreclosures continuing to rise and the economy in a downward spiral, It's not surprising you see Increased foreclosure because of Increased unemployment. † (Armor, 2009) Independent Variables: a. Divorce (XX: DIVORCE)- Divorce is another leading cause in the number of the family and they then run the risk of foreclosure. This data was compiled through the Center for Disease Control and Prevention & National Center for Health Statistics.

Linux Security Final Review

Allows the connection of hub to hub or switch without having to use a special cable 2. Which data speed and maximum cable length is not used for Category e/6 cabling? Anything other than mezzo/mobcaps (Caste) and up to mezzo, class E/mobcaps, Gossips but at a distance less than 100 meters (Cat) both up to 100 meters. (Page 59. ) 3. What do the links lights on a hub or switch represent? That the transmit and receive pairs are properly aligned and the connected devices are communicating . 4. What does the link light on a NICE present?Connectivity to the network. 5. What is an echo request relative to computer networking? It Is part of the IGMP protocol that requests a reply from a computer. (Page 40) 6. What Is the command used on a PC to display the MAC address? Upcoming/all 7. What is the command used on a Linux machine to display the IP address? Facing 8. What is the maximum length of a horizontal cable run that still allows for the length of the patch cables and extra cabling on ea ch end? 90 meters 9. A data problem is reported to the network administrator. The problem Is found to be tit the HTTP network connection.What would the network administrator do to isolate the problem. Test the link, perform a traceries command, depends on what type of problem is occurring with the cabling. 10. Describes interconnection of Lana within a limited geographic area. MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) (page 5) 1 1 . Which describes an Ethernet system operating at 100 Mbps? Fast Ethernet or Bassett (page 32) 12. What is another term for network congestion? Bottleneck (page 59) 13. A network address of 192. 168. 6. 0 and a subnet mask of 255. 255. 254. 0 can be Ritter In CIDER as? 92. 168. 168. 0/3 (page 180) 14. The three packets exchanged at the beginning of a TCP connection between two ports are: SYNC, SYNC*JACK, & JACK (page 1 59) 15. IP addresses are assigned by which of the following? ARIN (American Registry for Internet Numbers (page 173) 16. The connection to a router's console port input is typically which of the following? RSI-232 serial communications port using an RAJA-45 lack to connect to Its Interface (page 201 ) 17. What is the help command In the CISCO ISO? â€Å"? † is the universal help command (page 207) 18.AAU stands for: Attachment unit Interface (page 141) 19. The router interface most commonly used to Interconnect Lana to a campus network Is: Fast Ethernet (Chapter 9) 20. Serial Interfaces on a router are typically used to: used to interface to other serial devices (page 214) 21 . Clocking on the serial port of a router is set at the DATE end: False, it is DCE (page 215) 22. The purpose of a gateway is to allow data to enter and exit a LANA. True (page 145) 23. The command for saving the router's running-configuration to non-volatile memory Is: copy run start page 235) 24.The administrative distance of a static route is: 1 (page 246) 25. EIGRP is classified as which of the following: link-state protocol (page 257) 26. What a rea ID should be used for the Network backbone? Area O (page 251) 27. What does OSPF use to verify that two router links are communicating? â€Å"Hello Packets† (page 251 ) 28. Which file allocation table system Is best for very large multi gigabit drives today? NETS (New Technology File System (page 1 1 5) 29. Which of the following bus types 1 OFF roving similar services including server functions identifies which type of network?Peer-to-peer (page 510) 31 . Dynamically assigns IP addresses to machines as needed: DDCD Server (page 513) 32. A red â€Å"x† on a users account in Windows 2003/2000 indicates which of the following The user is locked out for having too many login attempt failures (page 553) 33. This server is used to service information requests from clients. Proxy Server (page 513) 34. Computer Viruses and Worms cause all of the following except: Virus causes annoyance, clogging up the mail server, denial of revive, data loss, open holes for others to acc ess your machine.Worms attack computers and can deny service to networks, they establish a â€Å"back door† in the infected computer enabling an attacker to access someone's computer (page 393) 35. â€Å"War Driving† is a term used to describe: someone driving with an antenna out the door of a vehicle, connected to a mobile device running Windows or Linux (page 394) 36. A true Firewall â€Å"Access Control List† is used to: Access list can be configured on a router, on a true dedicated firewall, or on the host computer (page 396) 37. AnIntrusion Detection system is designed to look for: (Select 2) looks for signatures and probing (page 404) 38. Telephony identifies which of the following technologies? Poi (Voice over ‘P) (page 488) 39. Which of the following have the greatest wireless data rate? 802. 1 In provides rates over 200+ Mbps (page 420) 40. What are the two North American and International optical standards? (Select two) SONNET (Synchronous Optica l network and SAD (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) (page 468) 41 . What is the meaning of the â€Å"2-Deep† rule?That the distribution in a building should only have he main distribution and the intermediate distribution that feeds the horizontal distribution to the work area (page 472) 42. True or False: Voice Over IP and Telephony are synonymous with each other. True (page 488) 43. Which Poi protocol provides for end-to-end secure communications by requiring user authentication: SIP (Secure Session Initiation Protocol) (page 489) 44. The following are all So concerns for Poi except: These are concerns: Jitter, Network latency and packet loss, & Queuing (page 495) 45.Using Linux, the command that lists the basic files in a rectory is: Is (page 565) 46. Using Linux, the command that deletes a files is: arm (page 571) 47. To display the previously entered commands stored in the Linux history buffer you would use: history (page 583) 48. Using Linux, the command that is similar t o the find or search command in Windows is: Greg (page 585) 49. The three major differences between industrial and commercial networks are: Hierarchy, Redundancy, & Determinism (page 619) 50. The Ethernet protocol developed for large industrial use is: Ethernet/IP or UDP or TCP (page 629)

Stds Among Adolescents In Nigeria Health And Social Care Essay

The first sexual intercourse is a milepost in the physical and psychological development of every adult male or adult female. It can besides ensue in unplanned gestations, insecure abortions and sexually transmitted diseases ( STDs ) , ( Singh et al 2000 ) . Harmonizing to the World Health Organisation ( WHO ) , two-thirds of all STDs occur among the young person ( WHO 1993 and 1995 ) .This estimation can be explained by the high hazard sexual behavior of stripling, such as multiple sexual spouses and unprotected sexual intercourse ( Rosenberg et al 1999 ) . The demand for more policies and programmes in turn toing STDs among striplings should hence be a precedence for every authorities. However, the argument on sexual and generative wellness ( SRH ) is absent or hapless in many states, as the issue of gender and sexual intercourse make people really uncomfortable ( WHO 2006 ) . Again, most sexual wellness programmes for striplings globally tend to concentrate on instruction and bar, go forthing out services which enable striplings to show their frights, concerns and acquire interventions for STDs and other sexual wellness issues ( Nworah et al 2002 ) . This state of affairs can be disputing in some parts of Africa particularly the West where as an stripling, sexual wellness issues are non discussed in schools or places and there are no sexual wellness services for striplings. However, this state of affairs is altering, particularly with the outgrowth of Human Immunodeficiency Virus ( HIV ) infection hitting every three in 10 striplings in Africa. This has led to the committedness of more resources for intercessions in turn toing STDs in many states ( WHO, 2003 ) . In this paper, I will be looking at programmes and intercessions used in covering with STDs in Nigeria among striplings, barriers to accessing STD attention for striplings, societal building of sexual wellness and proposed programmes to better on the bing SRH attention for striplings. 1.2 STDs among striplings in Nigeria Nigeria is the most thickly settled state in Africa, situated on the western portion of the continent with an estimated population of 151,212million ; of this 32 % are between the ages of 10-24 old ages ( UN 2008 ) .With such a vernal population and the high prevalence of HIV in Africa, one will presume there will be policies which are effectual in turn toing STDs among striplings in the state. However, the age of presenting SRH instruction to striplings continues to be debated, whereas recent surveies indicate an addition in sexual activities among this age group, therefore the demand to explicate steps to understate the negative impact of these sexual activities ( Okonofua 1999 ) . Among the factors lending to high rate of STDs among striplings include ; the deficiency of equal information about SRH, dislocation of traditional household control and globalization ( Okonofua et al 1999 ; Odion and Ataman 2010 ) . Although there are no accurate informations on the Numberss of STDs among striplings in Nigeria, several population based surveies indicate an addition in STDs among striplings than grownups ( Okonofua et al 2003 ) In an attempt to turn to the issue, the Nigerian authorities in 2000 collaborated with other international administrations and non- governmental administrations ( NGOs ) to develop a national SRH policy. The subdivision of the policy on striplings focused on forestalling hazardous sexual behavior and the purpose was †to addition cognition of generative biological science and promote responsible behavior of striplings sing bar of unwanted gestation and sexually familial infections † ( Federal Ministry of Health 2001 ) . The following were the marks for the policy ; Increased entree of appropriate generative wellness information to all striplings in and out of school. The debut of gender and household life instruction in school course of study. Increasing the entree of comprehensive youth-friendly wellness services including reding for all striplings, including the disabled by 20 % Enforcement and reappraisal of Torahs relevant to adolescent wellness To run into these marks, the national council on instruction decided to incorporate gender instruction into school course of study to turn to the high rate of STDs among striplings. However, force per unit area from the media, spiritual groups and conservative politicians reasoning that gender should non be taught in schools, therefore naming for more dilution of the programme ( Federal Ministry of Education 2008 ) .Sexuality instruction was hence changed to household life and HIV instruction ( FLHE ) , which is more acceptable by all stakeholders. FLHE was integrated into bing topics and all 36 provinces were allowed to learn to accommodate the socio cultural demands of striplings in each peculiar province. The course of study was besides divided into two degrees ; sensitive issues such as sexual orientation, preventives and onanism was specifically taught in senior secondary and the basic sexual wellness issues in junior secondary schools ( Federal Ministry of Education 2003 ) . Second, to increase entree to reproductive wellness information, SRH nines are organised in schools where striplings can hold forums, arguments, essay composing competitions and interact amongst themselves on sexual wellness issues. These nines besides organise wellness consciousness runs and seminars where wellness professionals distribute educational stuffs and give negotiations on bar and intervention of STDs among striplings ( Federal Ministry of Education 2003 ) . Third, some members of the nine are selected by their co-workers and trained as equal pedagogues. Their preparation on STDs comprises of bar and intervention, acknowledgment of symptoms, spouse presentment, postponing of sexual intercourse pieces on intervention for STDs, benefits of early intervention, where STDs can be treated and the demand for professional aid. They so advocate pupils on one-on-one or in a group on STDs and other wellness issues. They besides distribute information on SRH issues and refer pupils with STD symptoms to the appropriate wellness professional for intervention ( Federal Ministry of Education 2003 ) . Finally, to guarantee enforcement of the policy, all province schools in Nigeria were made to incorporate the policy into bing school topics. The FLHE is the merely sanctioned SRH programme included in school course of study towards the bar of STDs ( UNSECO 2010 ) . In a reappraisal of the policy in 2004, the determination was made to develop more instructors who will specialise in SRH and Teach in senior secondary schools. There were besides sensitisation meetings with educationalists and NGOs working in SRH in an attempt to reenforce the programme in schools and increase the range of administrations working towards its success ( ( UNSECO 2010 ) . A long running rating of the programme, was carried out from 2003 – 2009 in Lagos and claims were made to the followers ; pupils exposed to the programme were more knowing about gender, HIV and other STDs, addition usage of preventives, misss were confident to decline sexual progresss from male childs and better apprehension of relationships ( Philliber Research Associates 2009 ) .In malice of these claims, surveies done earlier and after the execution of the SRH policy indicate that educational programmes have non improved on the Numberss of striplings undertaking STDs ( Adeokun et al 2009 ) . There is therefore the demand to look into why STDs among striplings continue to be high in Nigeria.1.3 Why STDs Remains a Problem among Adolescents in NigeriaEven though the incidence of STDs among Nigeria young person is said to be high, there is no defined steps in aiming striplings for intervention and bar of STDs. Surveies have shown that in malice of sexual wellness instruction, striplings lack cognition in STD bar, intervention and other sexual wellness issues ( Okonofua et al 2003 ) . Parents do non discourse sexual wellness issues with their kids, and information from the media is largely deformed taking to striplings seeking sexual wellness information from equals who besides lack accurate information about the topic, hence misinform others ( Fatusi and Blum 2008 ) .The deficiency of cognition about STDs leads to high incidence of unprotected sex, inability to place symptoms of STDs and reluctance to sought intervention ( Nmari et al 2010 ) . The few province wellness services or clinics are besides adult oriented and guidelines in handling striplings are nonexistent hence striplings feel unwelcome in such installation and hence do non utilize the services at all when they are infected with STDs ( Okonofua et al 2003 ) . This state of affairs is possibly due to how sexual wellness is perceived in societies in Nigeria and West Africa.1.3a Barriers in accessing wellness attention vs. societal building of SRHThe societal building of gender functions has brought about inequality in every society.SHR is one country affected by gender inequality in Nigeria. Gender functions have made work forces accountants of birthrate and gender of adult females ( Connelly et al 2000 ) ; doing adult females subordinators with less power in sexual relationships refering contraceptive method, abortion, and gestation while work forces determines the footings of the relationship ( Dixon-Mueller, 1993 ) . However, in a survey by Shefer et al 2002, adult females are blamed for being the causers of STDs, even though they have less power in negociating for safer sex. Individual ‘s behavior or actions on SRH reflects what is socially acceptable or non in communities. This besides explains society ‘s perceptual experience on striplings SRH. The societal building of SRH for striplings in Nigeria explains why most wellness services for STDs are adult oriented. SRH for striplings is a sensitive issue in Nigeria. Both traditional and spiritual leaders believe that adolescent generative wellness should non be discussed until a male child or miss is ready for matrimony. Traditionally, striplings are taught generative wellness during the rites of transition when they are ushered into manhood or muliebrity and ready for matrimony ( Marcusan et al 2010 ) . In the same manner, the Bible or the Koran forbids pre-marital sex hence supplying information about it will promote striplings to indulge in sexual activities before they marry ( Marcusan et al 2010 ) .This besides explains the force per unit areas from the media, spiritual and conservative political leaders to alter the initial gender instruction programme into FLHE. Most striplings besides complain about clinics non being youth friendly and missing privateness therefore their refusal to seek sexual wellness advice or intervention for STDs. The deficiency of privateness is besides a societal issue, from personal experience working in sexual wellness clinic, service suppliers adopt a domineering attitude in relation to service users and tend to handle patients their ain manner with small respect for their rights and self-respect. This state of affairs is worse when covering with patients with STDs. In a survey carried out in South Africa by Shefer et al 2002, patients with STDs were verbally abused by wellness workers by naming them names and this de-motivate striplings from seeking information and intervention for STDs. Again, due to cultural perceptual experiences about STDs, where it is seen as grownup job, striplings who present with STDs are stigmatised by their communities. This stigmatization influences the possibility of an adolescent seeking intervention. Often times, they besides hesitate in seeking intervention because of the possibility of run intoing people they know therefore compromising the confidentiality of their visit to the STD clinic ( Shefer et al 2002 ) . Confidentiality as frequently used in professional codification of moralss can be broken when person ‘s life is threatened. Confidentiality in this state of affairs can be broken non because person ‘s life is threatened but for societal grounds. In most portion of West Africa, people act as their neighbor ‘s keeper, hence it is the responsibility of grownups to describe a kid or striplings if they are seen indulging in harmful patterns ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ajol.info/index.php/og/article/viewFile/57930/46296 } . As mentioned earlier, STDs are diseases of grownups non striplings hence parents must be informed when their kids are seen accessing information or intervention for sexual wellness. Other grounds why striplings do non seek intervention or information for STDs is the high cost of infirmary fees which they are unable to afford. Some striplings therefore entree intervention from traditional therapists, where fees are low-cost, where they will non meet any of the jobs they face at western type of clinics and in line with societal building of diseases. For case STD was perceived as penalty from the Gods or witchery ; hence intervention must be sought from traditional therapists or the fetish priest who were seen as the oral cavity pieces of the Gods on Earth ( Nworah et al 2002 ) . Having said these, there were besides few cringle holes in the 2000 policy which can be improved upon. 1.5 Loopholes in the policy/programme The ends of the policy indicate that non merely is STDs a job among striplings but besides unwanted gestations. Broadening the range of the marks to cover SRH in general was a good thought as there may be other sexual wellness jobs faced by striplings which were non documented, but at that place should hold been specific marks for STDs and unwanted gestations as it was the focal point of the policy. Again, marks must be clip edge, nevertheless all four marks had no clip frame ; hence mensurating it will be hard. For case, 20 % was mentioned in the 3rd mark but the per centum of entree to comprehensive youth friendly wellness service before the policy was non mentioned, therefore hard to mensurate accomplishment. The policy was for striplings in and out of school, but there was no reference of how the out of school programme was implemented, it is hence ill-defined if those out of school were exposed to the programme. It is non surprising that the rating indicated addition cognition of SRH among striplings exposed to the programme. Again, some subjects were merely taught in senior secondary while basic subjects were for junior secondary but there were no reference of which topics the juniors were taught and whether it was relevant for them. The motivation for learning different subjects was non mentioned but this may connote that some striplings who are older but in junior secondary missed out on indispensable SRH subjects important for striplings their age. Specialized instructors were trained for senior schools, this once more may connote those learning in junior schools were non specialised, and speaking about SRH to striplings can be abashing for both instructors and pupils and may impact the quality of instruction every bit good as pupils non inquiring inquiries to clear uncertainties. Finally, the force per unit areas from the media, conservative politician and spiritual leaders faced the authorities to alter gender instruction to FLHE. This is a instance of people concealing behind faith, civilization and political relations to oppose a societal plan instead than rationally looking at the jobs facing their state. To beef uping SRH programmes and cut down the incidence of STDs among striplings, there will be the demand to suggest programmes to better on the bing one. 1.5 Proposed schemes to better programme The purpose of the programme will be awareness run for STDs and behaviour alteration among striplings. The programme will be restricted to striplings aged 11 to 24, therefore the junior and senior secondary age. This age group is chosen to acquire blessing from parents and besides to affect them, as a survey carried out by Wilson et Al in Ghana indicate that most parents will be unhappy for their ten twelvemonth old kid to be taught on SRH issues. To forestall resistance to the programme, audience will be held with parents, instructors, spiritual and community leaders, politicians and the media to explicate the graduated table of the job, why it is of import to learn striplings issues about STDs and SRH in general and seek their positions on the issue. Another audience will besides be held with pupils ‘ representatives, community and spiritual young person leaders to edify me and other sexual wellness experts on the sexual wellness demands, cognition and behavior of striplings in the state. This is important to the programme as surveies have shown that most SRH instruction programmes are affected by disused and hapless information ( Slap et al 2003 ) . The programme will affect striplings in and out of school. For those in schools, the current course of study would be maintained but subjects taught will be the same for both those in junior and senior categories to forestall the juniors seeking information from the senior category which they might non cognize and mislead them. Specialized instructors and SRH professionals will make the instruction to cut down the sum of embarrassment, trusting to construct the assurance of instructors and pupils with clip, so that they can hold more unfastened treatment about SRH issues. In add-on to what equal pedagogues are already making, they will besides be involved in given negotiations making seminars and runs as this is proven to be effectual ( Okonofua et al 2003 ) . For striplings out of school, community and spiritual young person leaders will be given the same preparation as those in schools to take the function of equal pedagogues. Seminars will be organise in churches, mosque and young person assemblages within communities where equal pedagogues will be joined by specialized instructors and SRH professional to give negotiations on SRH issues to the young person. Social selling will be used largely to make out to those out of school. Ads on wireless and telecasting will be done in common local linguistic communications for those who are illiterate. Studies will be done to place catchment countries for striplings where function dramas and picture shows will be organised on SRH issues for them. In add-on to these, in service seminars will be organised for wellness workers in SRH clinics. In these seminars accent will be on schemes aimed at de-stigmatising cultural perceptual experiences about STDs. This is important as surveies carried out in Kenya and Zambia suggests that nurse accoucheuses working in sexual wellness clinics did non like go toing to adolescent with STDs because they see them as promiscuous ( Warenius et al 20060 ) . Hospitals will besides be encouraged to put a twenty-four hours or half twenty-four hours for assignments for striplings and besides do information cusps on SRH available at clinics for patients to pick and read more on SRH issues. In audience with young person leaders and SRH experts, young person Centres will be set up with clinical countries. This is to guarantee that locations of Centres are convenient for striplings. Services will include guidance, prophylactic services, STDs and relationships. The clinical country will supply diagnostic services such as research lab and scan services and clinics will be organised twice a hebdomad for those who need medical services to be seen by wellness professionals. To do these Centres youth-friendly, both striplings and SRH professional will run the Centres. Finally, traditional therapists will be educated on SRH issues and encouraged to mention patients to wellness professionals for a item. Parents will besides be encouraged to discourse SRH issues with their kids to assist bridge the spread of striplings seeking information from their equals.EvaluationEvaluation of the programme will be ongoing at each stage of the programme to set and better on loopholes. Final rating will be carried out a twelvemonth after implementing the programme. To acquire a brooding image of the impact of the programme, random sampling of in and out of school striplings will be done to avoid choosing merely those exposed to the programme. Questionnaires will be used and inquiries will be asked on ; where striplings get information on SRH, barriers they face accessing SRH attention, handiness of young person Centres and service provided. Indictors will be ; 10 % decrease in the Numberss of reported STDs instances among striplings. Continuous usage of societal selling schemes in the programme. SRH instruction being examinable in schools. 20 % addition in striplings accessing SRH services. Result of the rating will be used to better on loopholes in the programme to accomplish the coveted result.DecisionThe SRH demands of striplings should non be over looked, as complications from these wellness issues can be significant for both persons and the authorities ( WHO, 2003 ) . Adolescents in Nigeria are said to miss equal cognition about SRH issues, but perceptual experience of people about STDs and hapless wellness installations have all contributed to the high incidence of STDs among striplings. There is the demand for a countrywide arguments on how SRH information should be disseminated to striplings and besides diffuse the negative perceptual experiences about STDs and other SRH issues. Existing SRH installations for striplings should be improved upon both in footings of substructure and forces. The authorities should besides make the atmosphere for private sector engagement in presenting SRH plans so people can do picks. It should nevertheless, be emphasised that the success or otherwise of any intercession will besides depend on the willingness of people to accept it.

Comparing Human Resource Management in Multinational Companies in Hong Literature review

Comparing Human Resource Management in Multinational Companies in Hong Kong, and HRM in Hong Kong Local Companies - Literature review Example Their study was carried out to cover how local managers and professionals are managed in Western companies under joint ventures with local industries. Their study was able to cover 65 Chinese-Western joint ventures and they were able to establish that various Western human resources management have been implemented in China (Bjorkman and Lu, 1999). However, these companies were not able to completely implement human resources practices from their home country to their Chinese company. In other words, the local culture seems to play a huge part in the human resource management practices in Chinese companies. Sparrow and Hiltrop (1994) discuss that for Western companies, the assessment of performance are usually based on annual interviews between the individual and his or her superior, sometimes with the HR managers taking some part in the assessment process. For Chinese companies, individual employees usually take yearly self-assessment activities with the opinions of colleagues, subo rdinates, and superiors often considered in the evaluation process. One-on-one interviews as discussed by (Easterby-Smith, et.al., 1995) are not usual practices. Easterby-Smith, et.al., (1995) also point out that an imposing and personal approach to employee evaluation is avoided as much as possible for these Chinese companies. For MNCs operating in China, their HR practices are often influenced significantly, especially in relation to their local employees. The expectation for most local employees is for the application of their local culture in HR management and for multinational corporations (MNCs) the concessions would be an easier transition for them to make (Easterby-Smith, et.al., 1995). Child (1995) also discusses the focus given to individual performance and educational attainment predicting career development for Chinese firms. Moreover, favourable personal relations and the right political attitude seem to play also a strong role in the human resources management in Hong Kong firms. Favourable personal relations are part of the cornerstone of the Chinese culture which is also part of the socialist principles of management (Child, 1995). Wages have traditionally been managed by government bodies and age was often considered one of the most crucial predictors of employees’ earnings in government enterprises. In the 1990s, age became the more important determinant for earnings. More advanced education and training was also considered an important determinant for pay levels (Child, 1995). MNCs operated under these conditions and eventually influenced the determinants of pay levels in Asian companies. However, there are still differences in the management of these elements for local companies and MNCs in China because there is still resistance to the implementation of reform in the system, especially in relation to group incentive processes (Easterby-Smith, et.al., 1995). Bjorkman and Lu (1999) also emphasize that Western and Chinese models in HRM are different in various respects. For modern Western conceptualization of HRM, they consider employees as important resources which must be effectively managed. They consider the importance of systematic recruitment as well as training and development of human resources. They also consider personal involvement and participation in organizations as important